Abstract One approach of Power‐to‐X is the coupling energy and chemical sector, using electrolysis for syngas generation microbial gas conversion production biochemicals. On verge commercialization, known challenges fermentation technology are poor mass transfer syngas, low cell concentration productivity. These problems can be addressed by an intelligent reactor design. Thus, this article provides overview on current state art in discusses possible concepts with regard to application at...

It is important to know the limitations of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) in terms behavior different biomasses, especially when determining whether SCWG a suitable conversion process for certain biomass. Ten biomasses (eight plant species, which two were grown sites) processed evaluate this aspect. Moist and dry, woody grassy gasified same experimental setup under similar conditions. Only small differences could be seen experiments. The carbon efficiency was 60.3 ± 5.1%, gas...

The production of hydrogen by the reforming methanol was studied in a continuously operated tubular reactor made nickel-based alloy Inconel 625. Experiments were performed at pressures from 25 to 45 MPa and temperatures range 400−600 °C. concentration aqueous feed varied 5 64 wt % methanol. Residence times under reaction temperature conditions 3 100 s. main component product gas is hydrogen, with smaller amounts carbon dioxide, monoxide, methane. Methanol conversion up 99.9% without addition...

Low productivities of bioprocesses using gaseous carbon and energy sources are usually caused by the low solubility those gases (e.g., H2 CO). It has been suggested that increasing partial pressure will result in higher dissolved concentrations should, therefore, be helpful to overcome this obstacle. Investigations late 1980s with mixtures hydrogen monoxide showed inhibitory effects pressures above 0.8 bar. Avoiding any monoxide, we investigate growth product formation Clostridium...

Gasification of organic matter under the conditions supercritical water (T > 374 °C, p 221 bar) is an allothermal, continuous flow process suitable to convert materials with high moisture content (<20 wt.% dry matter) into a combustible gas. The gasification as solvent offers several benefits, particularly omission energy-intensive drying process. reactions are fast, and mean residence times inside reactor consequently low (less than 5 min). However, there still various challenges be...

Abstract Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) is used frequently as a reactor material for the oxidation of hazardous organic wastes in supercritical water (supercritical [SCWO]). In presence chloride (Cl−) and oxygen (O2), all Ni-based alloys corrode fast high-temperature, subcritical water. High-pressure, high-temperature-resistant tube reactors made alloy were specimens. Coupons exposed simultaneously inside test tubes. Experimental conditions included temperatures up to 500°C pressures 38 MPa. Pitting...

Abstract The corrosion phenomena of nickel-based Alloy 625 (UNS N06625), which in the present content is representative other alloys and stainless steels strongly oxidizing solut...

Soil and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals pose a threat to animals humans. The use of plants by phytoremediation can help free the soil from pollutants, but these will then become themselves. aim present work is energetic utilization biomass separation contaminants e.g. metals. This achieved gasification under conditions supercritical water in continuous laboratory plant. metal like zinc, manganese or iron process-integrated salt necessary avoid secondary contamination. Reed Canary...

The influence of process water recycling during the Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) dry biomasses was investigated. Dry biomass has to be diluted with a matter content approximately 10 wt.% gasify it in supercritical gasification. treatment wastewater SCWG is cost intensive due organic contaminants; therefore, effluent attractive. Salt separation needed avoid accumulation salts effluents, since enhance corrosion rates and might cause blocking flow when recycled. grass Reed Canary...

Gasification of 5 wt % (DOM) corn silage in supercritical water was investigated a continuous flow reactor. The influence pressure, temperature, and residence time on the gas yield determined. Changing pressure range 250−400 bar did not alter yield. temperature varied from 300 to 700 °C. At higher conversion biomass completed. lower is partly converted, decreased. Residence variations 0.6 10 min revealed for each that with longer time, increased until maximum reached. Gas composition changed...

Abstract The gasification of microalgae in supercritical water was investigated this work. product gas contained mainly H 2 , CO CH 4 and C 6 . Operation at high temperatures lower biomass concentrations resulted the highest carbon efficiency lowest total organic levels residual water. Due to its content inorganic nutrients, applied as cultivation medium for microalgae. However, algal growth untreated inhibited by existence potentially toxic substances evolved from gasification. Upon...

Abstract Corrosion phenomena, of alloy 625 (UNS N06625) were investigated in oxygenated aqueous solutions containing sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4), or (Na2SO4) and deaerated H2SO4 solution. Tests conducted at temperatures pressures up to 500°C 38 MPa, respectively. the acidic solution started ∼ 150°C with intergranular attack (IGA). Above 250°C, whole surface was attacked, shallow pits deep IGA appeared. This behavior explained by transpassive dissolution protecting...

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a process in which biomass reacts with supercritical to produce H2 and CH4-rich gas. The water-to-biomass ratio crucial variable SCWG that affects the energy efficiency of process. Despite clear concept, systematic studies on consumption during formation gaseous products are lacking. This study aims determine organic feedstock. Ethanol was used as an model compound since mass balances complex biomasses like lignocelluloses often incomplete due solid...

Coupons of nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and the nickel-based Alloy 625 (UNS 06625) were corroded in strongly oxidizing hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions at 350°C a pressure (p) 24 MPa, with reaction times between 0.75 h 50 h. For 625, effect surface roughness also was investigated. Nickel molybdenum showed strong material loss after only 5 as result instability solid oxides formed under experimental conditions. The attack on chromium started grain boundaries. At longer times, thick,...