A5009061446- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Advanced optical system design
- Laser Design and Applications
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Enzyme Structure and Function
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
Diamond Light Source
2014-2024
RIKEN
2017
Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics
2011
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
2006
Institut Laue-Langevin
2001-2005
Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale
2003-2005
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
2004
Institut polytechnique de Grenoble
2004
University of Florence
1998-2000
Diamond has unique properties which make it the ideal material for use in synchrotron instrumentation. X-ray optics made of diamond are almost transparent, they possess strength, and subject to very low thermal expansion; therefore will be able withstand powerful beams generated by fourth-generation light sources without compromising brilliance. For this reason, several groups attempting fabrication refractive lenses zone plates diamond. Lithography and, general, microfabrication technology,...
A Test beamline B16 has been built on the 3 GeV Diamond synchrotron radiation source. The covers a wide photon energy range from 2 to 25 keV. is highly flexible and versatile in terms of available beam size (a micron 100 mm) resolution flux; by virtue its several operational modes, different inter‐changeable instruments experiments hutch. Diverse experimental configurations can be flexibly configured using five‐circle diffractometer, optics test bench, suite detectors. Several techniques...
The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline, I14, at Diamond Light Source is a new facility for nanoscale microscopy. beamline was designed with an emphasis on multi-modal analysis, providing elemental mapping, speciation mapping by XANES, structural phase using nano-XRD and imaging through differential contrast ptychography. 185 m-long operates over 5 keV to 23 energy range ≤50 nm beam size routine user experiments flexible scanning system allowing fast acquisition. achieves robust stable operation...
A Monte Carlo procedure has been developed to study photon migration through highly scattering nonhomogeneous media. When two scaling relationships are used, the temporal response when or absorbing inhomogeneities introduced can be evaluated in a short time from results of only one simulation carried out for homogeneous medium. Examples applications imaging defects embedded into diffusing slab, model usually used optical mammography, given. Comparisons with experimental show correctness obtained.
The accuracy of results obtained from the diffusion equation (DE) has been investigated for case an isotropic point source in a homogeneous, weakly absorbing, infinite medium. DE have compared both with numerical solutions radiative transfer Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and cw experimental results. Comparisons showed that fluence rate, discrepancies are same order as statistical fluctuations on MC (within 1%) when distance r is > 2/mu(s)', (mu(s)' reduced scattering coefficient). For these...
Aspherical surfaces required for focusing collimated and divergent synchrotron beams using a single refractive element (lens) are reviewed. The Cartesian oval, lens shape that produces perfect point-to-point monochromatic radiation, is studied in the context of X-ray beamlines. Optical approximate ideal shapes compared. Results supported by ray-tracing simulations. Elliptical lenses, rather than parabolic, preferred nanofocusing X-rays because higher peak lower tails intensity distribution....
Grazing incidence mirrors are used on most X-ray synchrotron beamlines to focus, collimate or suppress harmonics. Increasingly beamline users demanding variable beam shapes and sizes at the sample position. We have now developed a new concept rapidly vary size shape of focused beam. The surface an elliptically figured mirror is divided into number laterally separated lanes, each which given additional longitudinal height profile calculated top-hat in focal plane. fabricated two prototype...
Modern synchrotron sources have provided for decades intense beams of photons over a large energy spectrum. The availability improved optics and detectors has opened up new opportunities the study matter at micrometre nanometre scale in many disciplines. Whilst exploitation micro-focused occurs almost daily beamlines, production 100 nm is achieved on few instruments which use specialised optics. Refractive lenses, zone plates, curved mirrors, multilayers, multilayer Laue can all focus x-rays...
Diamond possesses many extreme properties that make it an ideal material for fabricating nanofocusing x-ray optics. Refractive lenses made from diamond are able to focus radiation with high efficiency but without compromising the brilliance of beam. Electron-beam lithography and deep reactive-ion etching silicon substrates have been used in a transfer-molding technique fabricate optics vertical smooth sidewalls. Latest generation compound refractive seen improvement quality uniformity...
The 124 beamline is dedicated to the measurement of diffraction data from micro‐crystals macromolecules. optical design gives high versatility in selecting beam size at sample and detector through use two pairs Kirkpatrick‐Baez arranged mirrors. end‐station similarly designed allow optimization final signal‐to‐noise ratio measurements. layout key properties optics components are presented.
Three-dimensional (3D) silicon sensors offer potential advantages over standard planar for radiation hardness in future high energy physics experiments and reduced charge-sharing X-ray applications, but may introduce inefficiencies due to the columnar electrodes. These are probed by studying variations response across a unit pixel cell 55μm pitch double-sided 3D sensor bump bonded TimePix Medipix2 readout ASICs. Two complementary characterisation techniques discussed: first uses custom built...
Grazing incidence mirrors are a standard optic for focusing X-rays. Active mirrors, whose surface profile can be finely adjusted, allow control of beam shape and size at the sample. However, progress towards their routine use shaping has been hampered by strong striations in reflected beams away from focal plane. Re-entrant (partly concave partly convex) modifications proposed X-ray to top-hat plane while reducing caused unavoidable polishing errors. A method constructing such surfaces with...
The unprecedented brilliance achieved by third-generation synchrotron sources and the availability of improved optics have opened up new opportunities for study materials at micrometre nanometre scale. Focusing radiation to smaller beams is having a huge impact on wide research area synchrotrons. key exploitation development novel that deliver narrow without loss coherence. Several types focusing are successfully fabricated using advanced miniaturization techniques. Kinoform refractive...
Ptychography is a scanning coherent diffraction imaging technique which provides high resolution and complete spatial information of the complex electric field probe sample transmission function. Its ability to accurately determine illumination has led its use at modern synchrotrons free-electron lasers as wavefront-sensing for optics alignment, monitoring correction. Recent developments in ptychography reconstruction process now incorporate modal decomposition illuminating relax restriction...
A novel, compact, large field, and spectrally tunable imaging x-ray microscope is presented. It based on the use of an isotropic point source a spherically curved crystal. The beam intensity modulated by object attenuation, then monochromatized enlarged using spherical crystal and, finally, imaged detector downstream from We demonstrate ray tracing simulations that this system allows microscopy studies with high spatial resolution, magnification ratios, field view. Microscopes model can be...
In this paper the first practical application of kinoform lenses for X-ray reflectivity characterization thin layered materials is demonstrated. The focused beam generated from a lens, line nominal size approximately 50 microm x 2 microm, provides unique possibility to measure reflectivities in sample scanning mode. Moreover, small footprint beam, on surface at grazing incidence angles, enables one absolute reflectivities. This approach has been tested by analyzing few multilayer structures....
Diamond is a highly desirable material for use in x-ray optics and instrumentation. However, due to its extreme hardness resistance chemical attack, diamond difficult form into structure suitable lenses. Refractive lenses are capable of delivering beams with nanoscale resolution. A moulding technique the fabrication reported. High-quality silicon moulds were made using photolithography deep reactive ion etching. The study etch process conducted achieve vertical sidewalls minimal surface...
Crystal monochromators are often the primary optics in hard X-ray synchrotron beamlines. Management of power load is central to their design. Strict requirements on stability and deformation be met, as new-generation sources deliver brighter beams X-rays. This article sets out illustrate an overall picture caused by heat a cryo-cooled Si crystal monochromator using first principles. A theoretical model has been developed predict temperature distribution surface applying intrinsic properties...
X-ray reflectivity curves at 20 keV photon energy of alpha-quartz spherically curved crystals have been measured using a micrometric synchrotron beam the ESRF BM5. Six thin quartz samples with curvature radii 150 and 250 mm studied. Experimental results are compared diffraction profile calculations lamellar model good agreement is found.
A method of measuring the mean time flight, ti, spent by photons inside a generic volume element highly diffusing medium is presented. The comes from general property radiative transfer equation and based on relative measurements cw attenuation that correspond to small variations absorption coefficient element. By use liquid phantom gels with known optical properties it was possible measure ti good accuracy, even when only few picoseconds long. results were in agreement Monte Carlo results.
We treat the problem of defining ideal x-ray refractive lens design for point focusing low emittance beams at third- and fourth-generation synchrotron sources. The task is accomplished by using Fermat's principle to define a shape that completely free from geometrical aberrations. Current microfabrication resolution limits are identified, tolerates inherent fabrication imperfections proposed. delivers nanometer-sized focused compatible with current techniques.
A full wave propagation of X-rays from source to sample at a storage ring beamline requires simulation the electron beam and optical elements in beamline. The finite emittance causes appearance partial coherence field. Consequently, wavefront cannot be treated exactly with fully coherent or incoherent ray tracing. We have used code Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) perform partially using parallel computing cluster Diamond Light Source. Measured mirror profiles been correct for surface errors.