A5076150330- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Smart Agriculture and AI
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Agricultural Innovations and Practices
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
United States Department of Agriculture
2016-2025
Agricultural Research Service
2016-2025
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
2016-2025
Natural Resources Conservation Service
2023-2024
Pennsylvania State University
2008-2012
City University of New York
1989
Cover crop–based organic rotational no-till soybean production has attracted attention from farmers, researchers, and other agricultural professionals because of the ability this new system to enhance soil conservation, reduce labor requirements, decrease diesel fuel use compared traditional production. This is based on cereal rye cover crops that are mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper create in situ mulch suppresses weeds promotes growth. In paper, we report experiments were...
Integrated weed management tactics are necessary to develop cropping systems that enhance soil quality using conservation tillage and reduced herbicide or organic management. In this study, we varied planting termination date of two cereal rye cultivars (‘Aroostook’ ‘Wheeler’) a rye/hairy vetch mixture evaluate cover-crop biomass production subsequent suppression in no-till planted soybean. Cover crops were killed with burn-down roller-crimper the weed-suppressive effects remaining mulch...
Abstract Organic producers in the mid-Atlantic region of USA are interested reducing tillage, labor and time requirements for grain production. Cover crop-based, organic rotational no-till production is one approach to accomplish these goals. This becoming more viable with advancements a system planting crops into cover crop residue flattened by roller–crimper. However, inability consistently control weeds, particularly perennial major constraint. biomass can be increased manipulating...
Adoption of reduced tillage practices have been driven by the need to enhance soil quality, minimize field labor time, and scale up farm size. However, concerns about increased reliance on herbicides demand for organically grown foods call adoption production that can reduce both herbicide use. This research study assessed influence planting termination dates mechanical cover crop control efficacy limit use using a roller/crimper. A thermal‐based phenological model growing degree days (GDD;...
Sustainable intensification is an emerging model for agriculture designed to reconcile accelerating global demand agricultural products with long-term environmental stewardship. Defined here as increasing production while maintaining or improving quality, sustainable hinges upon decision-making by producers, consumers, and policy-makers. The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network was established inform these decisions. Here we introduce the LTAR Common Experiment, through which...
Agriculture in the United States must respond to escalating demands for productivity and efficiency, as well pressures improve its stewardship of natural resources. Growing global population changing diets, combined with a greater societal awareness agriculture's role delivering ecosystem services beyond food, feed, fiber, energy production, require comprehensive perspective on where how US agriculture can be sustainably intensified, that is, made more productive without exacerbating local...
Cover crop residues and animal waste products can be important sources of N in cropping systems. The objectives this research were to determine, under field conditions, the effects hairy vetch (legume; Vicia villosa Roth)/cereal rye (grass; Secale cereale L.) proportion pelletized poultry litter (PPL) management (no PPL, subsurface banded, broadcast, or incorporated with tillage) on extent rate cover residue mass loss release during a subsequent growing season. Measuring placed mesh bags,...
We used complementary morphological and DNA metabarcoding approaches to characterize soil nematode communities in three cropping systems, conventional till (CT), no-till (NT) organic (ORG), from a long-term field experiment. hypothesized that inputs the ORG system would promote more abundant community, NT show structured trophic (higher Bongers MI) than CT due decreased disturbance. The abundance of Tylenchidae Cephalobidae both showed positive correlations carbon nitrogen, which were...
Abstract Site-specific treatment of weeds in agricultural landscapes has been gaining importance recent years due to economic savings and minimal impact on the environment. Different detection methods have developed tested for precision weed management systems, but developments neural networks offered great prospects. However, a major limitation with network models is requirement high volumes data training. The current study aims at exploring an alternative approach use real images address...
Community assembly theory provides a useful framework to assess the response of weed communities agricultural management systems and improve predictive power science. Under this framework, community is constrained by abiotic biotic “filters” that act on species traits determine composition. We used an approach investigate seed banks 25 yr management-related filtering in three different row-crop southeastern Pennsylvania: organic manure-based, legume-based, conventional. Weed were sampled...
Particulate organic matter (POM), an established soil quality indicator, is too costly for routine testing by analytical labs. Chemical oxidation of labile less and may prove to be equally effective indicator. The objectives this study were test the relationship between POM chemically (CLOM) evaluate effects management on CLOM. was conducted within a long‐term crop rotation × fertility treatment in central Pennsylvania. Crop sequences continuous corn ( Zea mays L.), corn–soybean [ Glycine...
Increasing crop density is a cultural weed management practice that can compliment the use of cover crops for suppression. In this research, we created range biomass and soybean densities to assess their weed-suppressive ability alone in combination. The experiment was conducted 2008 2009 Maryland Pennsylvania using five levels cereal rye residue, representing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 times ambient level, ranging from 0 74 seeds m −2 . Weed decreased with increasing residue weeds were...
The performance of legume–grass cover crop mixtures may be influenced by the species proportions in mixture. objectives this study were to: (i) evaluate total aboveground biomass and resulting from different hairy vetch (legume; Vicia villosa Roth)/cereal rye (grass; Secale cereale L.) sown proportions, (ii) characterize N content C/N ratios response to (iii) quantify biologically fixed nitrogen (BFN) potential transfer BFN associated cereal rye. A gradient six ranging 100% was drilled fall...
An important application of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) may be remote-sensing for precision agriculture, because its ability to acquire images with very small pixel sizes from low altitude flights. The objective this study was compare information obtained two different sizes, one about a meter (the size vegetation plot) and millimeter. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) planted at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center winter cover crop fall spring fertilizer applications, which produced...
Abstract Organic grain cropping systems can enhance a number of ecosystem services compared with conventional tilled (CT) systems. Recent results from limited long-term agricultural research (LTAR) studies suggest that organic also increase several relative to no-till (NT) systems: soil C sequestration and N fertility (N mineralization potential) be greater while global warming potential (GWP) lower in use animal manures cover crops NT However, erosion nitrous oxide 2 O, greenhouse gas)...
Core Ideas We reviewed aboveground biomass and total N content of hairy vetch–cereal rye mixtures vs. monocultures. Overall, produced equivalent or more as monoculture species. Environmental cropping system factors affected relative productivity mixtures. Mixtures performed better in coarse‐textured soils following corn harvest. With increasing GDD, decreases to vetch, but increases cereal Agroecosystem services from cover crop are linked (kg ha −1 ). Reported values the literature, however,...
Core Ideas Hairy vetch–triticale biomass peaked at early hairy vetch flowering but mechanical control was highest late to pod set. Cereal rye dough stage optimal obtained between 50% anthesis and milk stages. Volunteer problematic in Delaware Maryland whereas volunteer cereal Pennsylvania. cover crops resulting from incomplete termination with rolling can be subsequent may impact the benefits of organic rotational no‐till. Cover crop‐based no‐till enables farmers reduce labor build soil...
Abstract Cover crops play an important role in agricultural sustainability. Unlike commodity cash crops, however, there has been relatively little cover crop breeding research and development. We conducted online survey to evaluate: (a) the perspectives of organic conventional farmers USA who use (b) specific traits that are farmers. recruited participants from both agriculture networks 69% respondents reported they farmed land. In addition demographic data information on management...
Cover crop-based, organic rotational no-till (CCORNT) corn and soybean production is becoming a viable strategy for reducing tillage in annual grain systems the mid-Atlantic, United States. This relies on mechanical termination of cover crops with roller-crimper planting into crop mulches. Here, we report recent research that focuses integrated approaches crop, nutrient pest management CCORNT consider system regional constraints adoption mid-Atlantic. Our suggests roller-crimped cereal rye...
Core Ideas Cover crops were successfully established in corn with a drill interseeder. crop biomass production varied notably across the mid‐Atlantic region. Spring cover was often proportional to fall performance. Interseeding at growth stages V2–V3 decreased grain yields. or after V4 did not affect yield. adoption remains low United States despite potential conservation and benefits. The short growing season window ( Zea mays L.) is primary limiting factor. A high‐clearance recently...
Core Ideas Seeding hairy vetch at the optimal time is crucial for biomass production. Optimal seeding rate maximizing production depends on latitude. The 15 to 20 kg ha −1 in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania. 5 10 Maryland North Carolina. Hairy ( Vicia villosa Roth) a legume grown high N fixation. Climate, population density, establishment date, termination timing affect production; combined effect of these factors has not been documented. We conducted an experiment Pennsylvania,...