In recent years, there have been significant efforts to understand the role of electronic structure redox active materials according their performance and thermodynamic stability in electrochemical storage devices develop novel with higher energy density power. It is generally recognized that transition metal compounds used as a positive electrode determine specific capacity rechargeable batteries, while charge transfer resistance at electrolyte–electrode interface plays key delivering power...

Abstract Reactions and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation at electrode–electrolyte interfaces are crucial for the stability performance of Li‐ion batteries, but still not fully understood on a fundamental level. For improving battery properties, detailed understanding these degradation processes is needed. In this contribution, between thin film LiCoO 2 cathode material diethyl carbonate (DEC) as typical solvent presented. A surface‐science approach used performing stepwise...

Abstract Aiming at a detailed, molecular‐scale understanding of the initial stages solid|electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li‐ion batteries, interaction common electrolyte solvent component ethylene carbonate (EC) with fully lithiated LiCoO 2 and reduced 2− δ films as model electrodes for cathode is investigated. The results are compared previous findings pristine highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, serving anode. Employing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ultraviolet...

Abstract Free‐standing 3D metal nanostructures represent an upcoming class of electrocatalysts for fuel cell technology, combining high aging stability and activity with efficient utilization while abstaining from additives such as polymer binders. Until now, most fabrication routes are complex produce disordered nanostructures. Here, we present a highly adjustable, wet‐chemical synthesis route toward ordered, thin‐walled Pt nanotube networks. The approach includes optimized electroless...

Abstract The reaction of (benzyloxymethylene)cyclopropane ( 1a ) with alkylidenemalononitriles 2 at ambient pressure afforded the corresponding cyclobutane derivatives 3 in good‐to‐high yields. For example, benzylidenemalononitrile 2a ), (2‐naphthylmethylene)malononitrile 2e and tert ‐butylmethylenemalononitrile 2f acetonitrile 80 °C gave cyclobutanes 3a , 3e 3f 96, 91 % yield, respectively. Control experiments proved that proceeds via well‐stabilized zwitterionic intermediate 6 . (©...

The formation of electrode–electrolyte interfaces is key importance for the stability and performance lithium-ion batteries. To increase efficiency lifetime, a detailed understanding processes at these necessary. Both chemical reactions resulting in interface layers as well double layer formation, i.e., band bending, influence batteries' properties. In this contribution, we investigate between thin film LiCoO2 cathode material solvent adsorbate. Using surface-science approach, dimethyl...

The bromine additions to methylenecyclopropane (1), bicyclopropylidene (2), and spirocyclopropanated methylenecyclopropanes bicyclopropylidenes 3-6 in methanol at 25 degrees C proceed essentially with the same rate as those corresponding oligomethyl-substituted ethylenes. An increasing number of spiroannelated three-membered rings enhances bromination stabilizes intermediate cyclopropyl bromonium cations against ring opening course addition. Calculations B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level show that...

Abstract Dispiro[2.0.2.1]hept‐1‐yl triflate ( 3 ), 7‐bromo‐7‐phenyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane 4 ) and 7‐chloro‐7‐phenylsulfanyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane 6 were prepared from bicyclopropylidene 5 in 50, 77 90% overall yield, respectively. 7‐Bromo‐7‐cyclopropyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane 8 7‐bromo‐7‐methyldispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane 11 obtained by hydrobromination of 7‐cyclopropylidene‐ 7 7‐methylenedispiro[2.0.2.1]heptane 10 (78 95% respectively). Methanolyses triangulane derivatives , as well acetolysis...

In nano-structures such as thin films electron confinement results in the quantization of energy levels direction perpendicular to film. The discretization leads oscillatory dependence many properties on film thickness due quantum size effects. Pb Si(111) is a specially interesting system because particular relationship between atomic layer and its Fermi wavelength periodicity oscillation two layers. Here, we demonstrate how combination scanning force microscopy (SFM) Kelvin probe (KPFM)...

Electrode-electrolyte interfaces play a key role for the performance and degradation of electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion cells. Side reactions at cathode-electrolyte result in formation solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, resulting loss or due to lithium increase surface layer resistance. Over past years, cathodic SEI has been subject extensive investigation, focused on correlation between composition battery cycling parameters. Yet, open questions remain with regard...

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