This study elucidates the role of each class nanopore by in-depth electrochemical analysis three types ZIF-8-derived carbons. Also, engineered co-doping Fe and N is found essential to selectively form Fe–N x sites in carbon matrix.

Abstract The performance of structurally and chemically well‐defined Ni‐free Ni‐modified single‐crystalline Co 3 O 4 (1 1 1) thin‐film electrodes in the oxygen reduction evolution reactions (ORR OER) was investigated a combined surface science electrochemistry approach. Pure film were prepared characterized under ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions by scanning tunneling microscopy X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both Ni decoration (by post‐deposition Ni) doping simultaneous vapor deposition Ni,...

As the generation of industrial wastes increases, waste treatment is steadily becoming a serious economic and environmental issue. Existing has mainly been treated by landfilling after incineration. A shortage landfill sites necessitates management alternatives other than traditional incineration landfill. This paper focuses on cost-benefit analysis that evaluates performances five strategies for flammable wastes: incineration, refuse plastic fuel (RPF) boiler, RPF cement furnace, furnace...

The chemical activation of a carbon precursor with KOH generally results in an activated (AC) high specific surface area. However, this process generates large volume wastewater that includes dissolved alkali metals, existing mainly as K2CO3. Thus, wastewaters concentration K2CO3 can potentially be used place agent. In the present study, to reduce thermal stability K2CO3, which decomposes at temperatures greater than 891 °C, was chemically impregnated into precursors prior precursors....

The intercalation and deintercalation of lithium (Li) into / out graphite(0001), which is a highly important process in Li-ion batteries, was investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions as function temperature, employing X-ray ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Both the up-shifts core-level binding energy lowering work ΔΦ reveal that heating monolayer battery-relevant ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP]+[TFSI]-) adsorbed on...

Due to the late response process condition changes, forging processes are normally exposed a large number of defective products. To achieve online monitoring, multichannel tonnage signals often collected from press. The contain significant amount real time information regarding product and conditions. In this paper, methodology is developed detect profile changes for monitoring classify fault patterns. include global or local deviations, which correspond deviations whole cycle segment(s)...

We report results of a combined experimental and computational model study on the interaction battery-relevant ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP]+[TFSI]−) with Li pristine highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which aims at molecular-/atomic-level understanding processes electrode|electrolyte interface Li-ion batteries. Employing mainly X-ray ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy as well dispersion-corrected density functional...

Abstract The process of solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation is systematically investigated along with its chemical composition on carbon electrodes in an ionic liquid‐based, Li‐containing electrolyte a combined surface science and electrochemical model study using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) binder‐free powder (Mage) as systems. decomposition explored by deposition Li pre‐deposited multilayer film 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide...

Abstract Aiming at a detailed, molecular‐scale understanding of the initial stages solid|electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li‐ion batteries, interaction common electrolyte solvent component ethylene carbonate (EC) with fully lithiated LiCoO 2 and reduced 2− δ films as model electrodes for cathode is investigated. The results are compared previous findings pristine highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, serving anode. Employing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ultraviolet...

Aiming at a better understanding of the solid–electrolyte interphase formation in Li-ion batteries, we have investigated interaction ultrathin films ethylene carbonate (EC), which is key solvent battery electrolytes, with pristine and lithiated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) postdeposited Li. Employing X-ray ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy as well Fourier transform infrared under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, combination density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations,...

Aiming at a detailed understanding of the Li adsorption and insertion behavior on/into lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, LTO), which is promising anode material in Li-ion batteries, we have investigated interaction vapor deposited with LTO temperature range between 80 K room by ARXPS.

Aiming at a molecular-level understanding of the processes electrode|electrolyte interface (EEI), we investigated interaction between battery-relevant ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP]+[TFSI]−), Li, and CoO(111) thin films on Ru(0001) as model study solid|electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Li-ion batteries. Employing mainly angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy scanning tunneling microscopy, combination with dispersion-corrected...

Abstract In this work we aim towards the molecular understanding of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation at electrode interface (EEI). Herein, investigated interaction between battery‐relevant ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP‐TFSI), Li and a Co 3 O 4 (111) thin film model anode grown on Ir(100) as study SEI in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). We employed mostly X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combination with dispersion‐corrected...

This paper presents core loss analysis of 3-phase induction motors used for industry applications. The is affected by the time rate change magnetic flux density. Generally spread out in stator and rotor core. And, toss less than because constant field density rotor. Tooth large yoke tooth has harmonic distortion In this paper, transient finite element method to analyze waveform order according varying time. Core losses each are evaluated using curve tested Epstein test apparatus. Its result...

Aiming at a detailed molecular understanding of the initial stage solid|electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries, we have investigated interaction battery-relevant ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSI]) (solvent/electrolyte) and Li (Li+ ion shuttle) on well-defined Li-poor Li4Ti5O12(111) Li-rich Li4.3Ti5O12(111) surfaces/electrodes combined surface science electrochemical model study. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy...

Abstract Prior to full-scale implementation of smart grid, the Korean government is conducting a grid testbed in Jeju island. However, participants ongoing program are skeptical about success expansion grid. The concern rises from various reasons; limits electricity market mainly led by both and KEPCO, high stability reliability existing insufficient utilization renewable energy, public fear raised bills. Five key issues regards facilitating extracted evaluated. conflict interest among...