Six volunteers raised their rectal temperatures to 104℉ by 40–50 minutes' work at 93℉ wet-bulb temperature. The rates of fall in were studied during cooling six different methods. most rapid method occurred when subjects sat rest an air condition 90℉ dry bulb and 87℉ wet evaporative was accelerated wetting the body surface continuously for 1 hour; no significant difference observed between airflows 120 ft/min. a jet compressed held 1–3 ft from subjects. Merely seating individuals conditions...

Oxygen consumptions were measured at various levels of work up to the individual's maximum. At submaximal they significantly lower in heat than comfortable temperatures, but maximum oxygen intakes not different. In conditions cardiac output and A-V difference both contributed rise intake during work. maximal effort increase arteriovenous accounted for ultimate intake. Both heart rate stroke volume 1.0 liters/min intake; above this was sole factor. major change hemodynamics an with associated...

This paper reports on a pilot study that used eye tracking techniques to make detailed observations of item response processes in the OECD Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The lab-based also recorded physiological responses using measures pupil diameter and electrodermal activity. tested 14 adult respondents as they individually completed PIAAC computer-based assessment. help fill an 'explanatory gap' by providing data variation are not captured other...

This study is a collaboration between social work and psychology academics, using quasi-experimental technique to explore the effect of experience, along with moderating cognitive, emotive demographic factors, on risk judgements by workers, compared made students. Participants (forty workers from two authorities; 105 students universities) assessed vignettes cases where child maltreatment was suspected or likely, their evaluations were measured four scales. Qualified rated risks lower...

Unlawful digital media sharing is common and believed to be extremely damaging business. Understanding unlawful file sharers' motivations offers the opportunity develop business models behavioral interventions maximize consumers' businesses' benefit. This paper uses a systematic review of research, Theory Planned Behavior, motivate large-scale panel study in which initial determinants were used predict subsequent behavior. A meta-analysis found Attitudes, Subjective Norms Perceived...

Effort tasks are commonly used to assess individual investment and performance in an experimental setting. Although the diverse, they typically intended be equivalent as far aim generalize beyond specific task. We compare induced value effort task three real a contest game. Results show that there is no equivalence across relation how risk attitude, anxiety gender predict performance.

Personal data is ubiquitous in the digital world, can be highly valuable aggregate, and lead to unintended intrusions for creator. However, individuals’ expressions of concern about exposure their personal information are generally not matched by behavioural caution. One reason this mismatch could varied intangible value data. We present three studies investigating potential association between privacy behaviour, assessing both individual cross-cultural differences valuation, comparing...

As a stress test of experimenter demand effects, we run an experiment where subjects can physically destroy coupons awarded to them. About one subject out three does. Giving money back the is possible in separate task but more consistent with effect than explanation based on altruism towards experimenter. A measure sensitivity social pressure helps predict destruction when information provided.

The belief that one is in a worse situation than similar others (Relative Deprivation) has been associated with involvement range of maladaptive escape behaviors, including excessive risk taking. Yet not everyone scoring high on measures relative deprivation makes choices. We hypothesized hope may ameliorate the negative effects deprivation. In two laboratory-based experiments using novel risk-taking task (N = 101) we show reduces behavior relatively deprived participants. A third study 122)...

Abstract This study examined the relationship between social desirability and dimensional judgments of risk, naturalness ethicality for biotechnological matched natural health technologies. We examine if those who are motivated to respond in a socially‐desirable way will be more likely rate genetically‐modified (GM) technologies as risky (less or ethical) than not way. One‐hundred forty‐eight participants rated eight along three dimensions (risk, ethicality) completed measure desirability....

It has been suggested that transfusion information from scientific sources (vs. popular sources) is seen as more trustworthy and interventions should consider using styles. Before such suggestions can be implemented, it necessary to know if this science source-trust link observed across different sociodemographic groups psychological characteristics. A large-scale field-based study examining the importance of sociodemographics characteristics on was conducted.A large experiment (the Euro...

Abstract The effectiveness of a medical treatment should not predict its risk (highly effective treatments can be either safe or risky), however, people’s use heuristic shortcuts may lead them to judge link between and risk, typically negative correlation. A particular concern is that experts might such strategy this unlikely provide an accurate judgement. This large-scale field-based experiment compares expert-relevant non-expert-relevant contexts, for both expert public judgements in the...

Increasing the perception of legal risk via publicized litigation and lobbying for copyright law enforcement has had limited success in reducing unlawful content sharing by public. We consider extent to which engaging file online is motivated perceived benefits this activity as opposed risks. Moreover, we explore moderators relationship between benefits; namely, trust industry regulators, anonymity. examine these questions a large two‐part survey consumers music ( n = 658) eBooks 737). find...

summary . Patients express concerns about the safety of donated blood. Do they have similar potential ‘blood substitutes’ and does way information is presented on these options alter patients' perceptions? A two (informational frame: gain or loss) by four (transfusion type: human donor blood, haemoglobin, bovine haemoglobin perfluorocarbon emulsion substitutes) three (patient group: adult haemophiliac/leukaemia patients, relatives/friends patients controls) between‐subjects design was used....

Abstract Drawing on previous literature from the separate areas of adult attachment and group processes, we explored identification as predictors for depressive symptoms in a nonclinical sample. We found that anxiety friendship predicted scores B eck D epression I nventory, such higher resulted symptoms, greater lower symptoms. Mediational analysis suggested partially mediated effect avoidance but did not mediate

A pilot study was undertaken in the UK February 2005 to identify perceptions of risk, effectiveness and ethicality different hypothetical transfusion options, including blood substitutes derived from sources, among young adults. Forty-nine men 92 women completed questionnaire, aging between 18 25 years old (mean +/- standard deviation = 19.7 1.2 years). Twenty-three percent respondents had donated blood, an average 3.1 times. The assessed donor versus 3 types potential "artificial blood"...