A5061471947- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Landslides and related hazards
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Diatoms and Algae Research
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Inorganic Chemistry and Materials
- Risk Perception and Management
Meteorological Research Institute
2015-2024
Japan Meteorological Agency
2015-2024
National Institute of Polar Research
2021-2024
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience
2022
University of Edinburgh
2021
Global Institute for Water Security
2019
University of Saskatchewan
2019
The University of Tokyo
1988
Miyagi University of Education
1985
Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including schemes that are included in Earth system models, a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims identify crucial processes characteristics need be improved models the context local- global-scale modelling. A further objective ESM-SnowMIP is better quantify snow-related feedbacks system. Although it not part sixth phase...
A long-term Northern Hemisphere (NH) daily 5-km snow cover extent (SCE) product (JASMES) was developed by the application of a consistent objective mapping algorithm to data from historical optical sensors on polar orbiting satellites 1978 2015. conventional decision tree with multiple threshold tests employed analyze radiances for five spectral bands available across full analysis period. The accuracies analyzed SCE maps were evaluated against in-situ measured at ground stations along...
Abstract. Observations and models agree that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has decreased since end of 1990s due to an increase in meltwater runoff this trend will accelerate future. However, large uncertainties remain, partly different approaches for modelling GrIS SMB, which have weigh physical complexity or low computing time, spatial temporal resolutions, forcing fields, ice sheet topographies extents, collectively make inter-comparison difficult. Our SMB model...
Abstract Twenty-seven models participated in the Earth System Model–Snow Model Intercomparison Project (ESM-SnowMIP), most data-rich MIP dedicated to snow modeling. Our findings do not support hypothesis advanced by previous MIPs: evaluating against more variables and providing evaluation datasets extended temporally spatially does facilitate identification of key new processes requiring improvement model mass energy budgets, even at point scales. In fact, same modeling issues identified...
[1] A physically based snow albedo model (PBSAM), which can be used in a general circulation model, is developed. PBSAM calculates broadband albedos and the solar heating profile snowpack as functions of grain size concentrations impurities, black carbon mineral dust, with any layer structure under illumination condition. The visible near-infrared (NIR) by dividing each spectrum into several spectral subbands to simulate change distribution radiation spectra at surface snowpack. uses (1)...
Abstract. Perennial snow, or firn, covers 80 % of the Greenland ice sheet and has capacity to retain surface meltwater, influencing mass balance contribution sea-level rise. Multilayer firn models are traditionally used simulate processes estimate meltwater retention. We present, intercompare evaluate outputs from nine at four sites that represent sheet's dry percolation, slab aquifer areas. The forced by energy fluxes derived automatic weather stations compared density, temperature...
The Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) architecture facilitates Earth Observation data processing. In this work, we present results from a new Snow Processor for SNAP. We also describe physical principles behind the developed snow property retrieval technique based on analysis of Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A/B measurements over clean polluted fields. Using OLCI spectral reflectance in range 400–1020 nm, derived important properties such as broadband albedo,...
Abstract. This paper describes in situ meteorological forcing and evaluation data, bias-corrected reanalysis for cold regions' modelling at 10 sites. The long-term datasets (one maritime, one arctic, three boreal, five mid-latitude alpine) are the reference sites chosen evaluating models participating Earth System Model-Snow Model Intercomparison Project. Periods covered by data vary between 7 20 years of hourly with (snow depth, snow water equivalent, albedo, soil temperature, surface...
Abstract Greenland ice sheet rainfall is expected to increase under a warming climate. Yet, there have been no active long‐term in‐situ records on the due observational difficulties. Here, we utilize state‐of‐the‐art 5 km polar non‐hydrostatic regional climate model NHM‐SMAP evaluate sheet’s over 40 years (1980–2019). The largest trends include fourfold in annual for northwestern sheet; 3.1 Gt year −1 or 12 mm m −2 . September ice‐sheet‐wide amount and intensity by 7.5 month 20.8 h In last...
Abstract Greenland rainfall has come into focus as a climate change indicator and from variety of emerging cryospheric impacts. This study first evaluates in five state‐of‐the‐art numerical prediction systems (NPSs) (CARRA, ERA5, NHM‐SMAP, RACMO, MAR) using situ data two regions spanning land onto the ice sheet. The new EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Arctic Regional ReAnalysis (CARRA), with relatively fine (2.5 km) horizontal grid spacing extensive within‐model‐domain...
We developed a multilayered physical snowpack model named Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process (SMAP), which is intended to be incorporated into general circulation models for climate simulations. To simulate realistic states of snowpack, SMAP incorporates state‐of‐the‐art physically based snow albedo model, calculates solar heating profile in considering effects grain size impurities explicitly. evaluated the performance with meteorological (black carbon dust) input data measured at...
Abstract Cryoconite holes are water-filled cylindrical formed on ablation ice surfaces and commonly observed glaciers worldwide. Temporal changes of cryoconite characteristically <5 cm in diameter were monitored with a time-lapse interval camera over 15 d during the melting season Qaanaaq Glacier northwest Greenland. The drastically changed their dimensions synchronously collapsed twice study period. When collapsed, coverage surface increased from 1.0 to 3.5% field view camera, then...
Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass loss has been accelerating at a rate of about 20 ± 10 Gt/yr2 since the end 1990's, with around 60 % this directly attributed to enhanced surface meltwater runoff. However, in climate and glaciology communities, different approaches exist on how model balance (SMB) components using: (1) complex physically-based models which are computationally expensive; (2) intermediate complexity energy models; (3) simple fast positive degree day base their...
Abstract We calculate a regional surface “melt potential” index (MPI) over Antarctic ice shelves that describes the frequency (MPI-freq; %) and intensity (MPI-int; K) of daily maximum summer temperatures exceeding melt threshold 273.15 K. This is used to determine which are vulnerable melt-induced hydrofracture calculated using near-surface temperature output for each from 1979/80 2018/19 two high-resolution atmospheric model hindcasts (using MetUM HIRHAM5). MPI highest Peninsula (MPI-freq...
High Mountain Asia (HMA) provides crucial water resources to more than 1.5 billion people and accurate quantification of high elevation precipitation in this region is essential for understanding the hydrological cycle, patterns ongoing climatic change, resource management. This particularly case elevation, glacierised catchments where interplay complex cryospheric atmospheric processes limits our current future availability. Moreover, role snow accumulation critical health glaciers which...
Light-absorbing snow impurities of elemental carbon (EC), organic (OC), and mineral dust have been measured at three locations elevations from 1,469 to 1,992 m on August 1, 2011, the site SIGMA-A (78°N, 68°W, elevation 1,490 m) northwest Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) during period June 28 July 12, 2012. At SIGMA-A, a remarkable surface lowering together with melting was observed observation in 2012, when record event occurred over GrIS. The concentrations were 0.9, 3.8, 107 ppbw for EC, OC,...
ABSTRACT To better understand the processes controlling recent mass loss of peripheral glaciers and ice caps in northwestern Greenland, we measured surface balance (SMB), velocity near-surface temperature on Qaanaaq Ice Cap summers 2012–16. The measurements were performed along a survey route spanning terminus an outlet glacier to upper reaches (243–968 m a.s.l.). ice-cap-wide SMB ranged from −1.10 ± 0.29 −0.13 0.26 w.e. −1 for years 2012/13 2015/16. Mass showed substantially large...
Abstract. To improve surface mass balance (SMB) estimates for the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), we developed a 5 km resolution regional climate model combining Japan Meteorological Agency Non-Hydrostatic atmospheric Model and Snow Metamorphism Albedo Process (NHM–SMAP) with an output interval of 1 h, forced by Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55). We used in situ data to evaluate NHM–SMAP GrIS during 2011–2014 years. investigated two options lower boundary conditions atmosphere: offline...
Abstract Current sea-level rise partly stems from increased surface melting and meltwater runoff the Greenland ice sheet. Multi-year snow, also known as firn, covers about 80% of sheet retains part meltwater. Since firn cold content integrates its physical thermal characteristics, it is a valuable tool for determining meltwater-retention potential firn. We use gap-filled climatological data nine automatic weather stations in ice-sheet accumulation area to drive surface-energy-budget model,...
In situ meteorological data are essential for a better understanding of the ongoing environmental changes in Arctic. order to increase scientific value discussions on actual state change given area, it is necessary appropriately remove anomalous values recorded due external factors resulting from low temperature and icing. Here we present methods quality control (QC) observation datasets two automatic weather stations northwest Greenland, where drastic glaciological have occurred. The were...
Abstract The mass concentrations of light‐absorbing snow impurities at Sapporo, Japan, were measured during six winters from 2007 to 2013. Elemental carbon (EC) and organic (OC) with the thermal optical method, dust concentration was determined by filter gravimetric measurement. measurement results using different filters compared assess filtration efficiency. Adding NH 4 H 2 PO coagulant melted samples improved collection efficiency for EC particles a factor 1.45. EC, OC, in top cm layer...
A model of angular-dependent emissivity spectra snow and ice in the 8–14 μm atmospheric window is constructed. Past field research revealed that varies depending on grain size exitance angle. Thermography images acquired this study further not only welded particles such as sun crust, but also disaggregated granular dendrite crystals exhibit high reflectivity their crystal facets, even when bulk surface exhibits blackbody-like behavior a whole. The observed thermal emissive behaviors suggest...
[1] Snow surface roughness such as sastrugi on the Antarctic ice sheet can be a cause of error for remote sensing snow parameters. The effect bidirectional reflectance was assessed by field experiment, model simulations, and satellite measurements. hemispherical-directional factor (HDRF) artificial sastrugi-like linear ridges measured at Nakasatsunai, Hokkaido, Japan, exhibited different patterns from that flat surface, with difference more than ±50% some geometries. A 3-D Monte Carlo...
During spring 2017, we conducted research expeditions to the SIGMA-A site, which is located on northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet. We maintained an automated weather station (AWS) enable continuous meteorological observations. extended 1.5-m long poles of AWS and replaced two aerovane sensors, thermo-hydrometers ultrasonic snow gauge. also drilled ice core recovered a with total length 60.06m, stratigraphic observations, measured density core. In addition, snow-pit observations sampling,...
The Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) architecture facilitates Earth Observation data processing (http://step.esa.int/main/toolboxes/snap/). In this work we present results from a new Snow Processor for SNAP. We also describe physical principles behind the developed snow property retrieval technique based on analysis of Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A/B measurements over clean polluted fields. Using OLCI spectral reflectance in range 400-1020nm, derive...