A5033744242- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Climate variability and models
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Space exploration and regulation
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Marine and environmental studies
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- 3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
Utrecht University
2015-2024
Japan External Trade Organization
2015
An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided, including a discussion challenges encountered during its development and how they were addressed. In addition, an evaluation pair CESM2 long preindustrial control historical ensemble simulations presented. These performed using nominal 1° horizontal resolution configuration coupled model with both "low-top" (40 km, limited chemistry) "high-top" (130 comprehensive versions atmospheric component. contains many...
The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of Earth System (CESM) and used in several global regional modeling systems. In this paper, we introduce model developments included CLM version 5 (CLM5), which default for CESM2. We assess an ensemble simulations, including prescribed prognostic vegetation state, multiple forcing data sets, CLM4, CLM4.5, CLM5, against a range metrics from International Benchmarking (ILAMBv2) package. CLM5 includes new updated processes parameterizations:...
Abstract. Observations and models agree that the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has decreased since end of 1990s due to an increase in meltwater runoff this trend will accelerate future. However, large uncertainties remain, partly different approaches for modelling GrIS SMB, which have weigh physical complexity or low computing time, spatial temporal resolutions, forcing fields, ice sheet topographies extents, collectively make inter-comparison difficult. Our SMB model...
We present climate and surface mass balance (SMB) of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) as simulated by global, coupled ocean–atmosphere–land Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a horizontal resolution $${\sim }1^\circ$$ in past, future (1850–2100). CESM correctly simulates present-day sea extent, large-scale atmospheric circulation near-surface climate, but fails to simulate recent expansion ice. The SMB equals $$2280 \pm 131$$ $$\mathrm {Gt\,year^{-1}}$$ , which concurs existing...
Abstract In Earth system models, terrestrial snow is usually modeled by the land surface component. most cases, these models have been developed with an emphasis on seasonal snow. Questions about future sea level rise, however, prompt need for a realistic representation of perennial snow, as processes play key role in mass balance glaciers and ice sheets. Here we enhance realism polar Community Land Model (CLM), component System (CESM), implementing (1) new parametrizations fresh density,...
Surface processes currently dominate Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) mass loss. We review recent developments in the observation and modeling of GrIS surface balance (SMB), published after July 2012 deadline for Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5). Since IPCC AR5, our understanding SMB has further improved, but new observational model studies have also revealed that temporal spatial variability many are still poorly quantified understood, e.g., bio-albedo,...
Abstract. A new set of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) model experiments has been performed with Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) the Whole Atmosphere Climate (WACCM6) that are based on Coupled Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) overshoot scenario (SSP5-34-OS) as a baseline to limit global warming 1.5 or 2.0 ∘C above 1850–1900 conditions. The allows us applying peak-shaving reduces needed duration and amount SAG application compared high forcing scenario. In...
Abstract Under anticipated future warming, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) will pass a threshold when meltwater runoff exceeds accumulation of snow, resulting in negative surface mass balance (SMB < 0) and sustained loss. Here, we dynamically statistically downscale outputs an Earth system model to 1 km resolution infer that near‐surface atmospheric warming 4.5 ± 0.3°C—relative preindustrial—is required for GrIS SMB become persistently negative. Climate models from CMIP5 CMIP6 translate...
Abstract Here we present a long‐term (1850–2200) best estimate of Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) freshwater runoff that improves spatial detail locations and temporal resolution. Ice discharge is taken from observations since 2000 assumed constant in time. Surface meltwater retrieved regional climate model output for the recent past parameterized future based on significant correlations between midtropospheric (500 hPa) summer temperature changes over GrIS. The simplicity this approach enables...
The response of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to a warmer climate is uncertain on long time scales. Climate models, such as those participating in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), are used assess this uncertainty. Community Earth System version 2.1 (CESM2) CMIP6 model capable running simulations with either one‐way coupling (fixed ice sheet geometry) or two‐way (dynamic GrIS. features prognostic snow albedo, online downscaling using elevation classes, and firn pack...
Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass loss has been accelerating at a rate of about 20 ± 10 Gt/yr2 since the end 1990's, with around 60 % this directly attributed to enhanced surface meltwater runoff. However, in climate and glaciology communities, different approaches exist on how model balance (SMB) components using: (1) complex physically-based models which are computationally expensive; (2) intermediate complexity energy models; (3) simple fast positive degree day base their...
Abstract The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is losing mass in an accelerated fashion, which for ~60% dominated by increase surface melting. Clouds exhibit important control on the GrIS energy balance and melt. Therefore, to better simulate present future climate, it essential represent clouds correctly climate models. Here we use ground (at Summit Station) satellite remote sensing (from CloudSat‐CALIPSO) observations evaluate cloud characteristics several versions of Community Atmosphere Model...
Abstract Given the possibility of irreversible, anthropogenic changes in climate system, technologies such as solar radiation management (SRM) are sometimes framed possible emergency interventions. However, little knowledge exists on efficacy deployments. To fill this gap, we perform Community Earth System Model 2 simulations an intense warming scenario which impose gradual early‐century SRM or rapid late‐century cooling (an intervention), both realized via stratospheric aerosol injection...
Abstract. In this study, the resolution dependence of simulated Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance (GrIS SMB) in variable-resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) is investigated. Coupled atmosphere–land simulations are performed on two regionally refined grids over at 0.5∘ (∼55 km) and 0.25∘ (∼28 km), maintaining a quasi-uniform 1∘ (∼111 rest globe. On grids, SMB accumulation zone significantly improved compared to airborne radar situ observations, with general wetting (more...
Abstract. The modeling of ice sheets in Earth system models (ESMs) is an active area research with applications to future sea level rise projections and paleoclimate studies. A major challenge for surface mass balance (SMB) ESMs arises from their coarse resolution. This paper evaluates the elevation class (EC) method as SMB downscaling alternative dynamical regional climate models. To this end, we compare EC-simulated elevation-dependent energy gradients Community System Model 1.0 (CESM1.0)...
Abstract. We present a reconstruction of historical (1950–2014) surface mass balance (SMB) the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) using high-resolution regional climate model (RACMO2; ∼11 km) to dynamically downscale Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2; ∼111 km). After further statistical downscaling 1 km spatial resolution, evaluation in situ SMB measurements and remotely sensed GrIS change shows good agreement. Comparison with an ensemble previously conducted RACMO2 simulations forced by...
Given the possibility of irreversible changes to Earth system, technological interventions such as solar radiation management (SRM) are sometimes framed possible climate emergency brakes. However, little knowledge exists on efficacy disruptive interventions. To fill in this gap, we perform Community System Model 2 (CESM 2) simulations a SSP5-8.5 scenario which impose either gradual early-century SRM stabilise surface temperatures or rapid late-century cooling, both realised via stratospheric...
Given the possibility of irreversible, anthropogenic changes in climate system, technologies such as solar radiation management (SRM) are sometimes framed possible emergency interventions. However, little knowledge exists on efficacy deployments. To fill this gap, we perform Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM 2) simulations an intense warming scenario which impose gradual early-century SRM or rapid late-century cooling (an intervention), both realised via stratospheric aerosol injection...
Abstract. In this study, the resolution dependence of simulated Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance in variable-resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) is investigated. Coupled atmosphere-land simulations are performed on three regionally refined grids over at 1° (~111 km), 0.5°(~55 and 0.25° (~28 maintaining a quasi-uniform km) rest globe. The SMB accumulation zone significantly improved compared to airborne radar in-situ observations, with general wetting margins drying...
Abstract. The modeling of ice sheets in Earth System Models (ESMs) is an active area research with applications to future sea level rise projections and paleoclimate studies. A major challenge for the surface mass balance (SMB) ESMs arises from their coarse resolution. This paper evaluates elevation classes (EC) method as SMB downscaling alternative dynamical regional climate models. To this end, we compare EC-simulated dependent energy gradients Community Model 1.0 (CESM1.0) those RACMO2.3....
Abstract. We propose new testbed model experiments for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) that are designed to limit global warming 1.5 °C or 2.0 above 1850–1900 conditions using stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG). The modeling use overshoot scenario defined in CMIP6 (SSP5-34-OS) as a baseline and reduce side effects of SAG reaching three temperature targets: mean surface temperature, inter-hemispheric pole-to-equator gradients. further compare results another...
Abstract. We present a reconstruction of historical (1950–2014) surface mass balance (SMB) the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) using high-resolution regional climate model (RACMO2; ~ 11 km) to dynamically downscale Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2; 111 km). After further statistical downscaling 1 km spatial resolution, evaluation in situ SMB measurements and remotely sensed GrIS change shows good agreement, including recently observed acceleration loss (2003–2014). Comparison with an...
&#160; Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) is a collection of hitherto hypothetical methods that would reflect small fraction incoming solar radiation, thereby cooling the Earth and reducing impact greenhouse gas forcing, albeit imperfectly.&#160; The best-researched method so far Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI), which work by injecting reflective aerosol (e.g. sulphate) or precursor SO2) into stratosphere. Previous studies (e.g., Tilmes et al, 2018, 2020, Xie al., 2022) have...