A5043688506- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Space exploration and regulation
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Advanced optical system design
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control
- Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control
- Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
- Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics
- Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
Cornell University
2016-2025
Sibley Memorial Hospital
2019-2025
Indiana University
2024
Johns Hopkins University
2024
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
2024
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2023-2024
Indiana University Bloomington
2023
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory
2023
TMT Observatory
2014-2022
University of California, Berkeley
2020
This paper describes the Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS) project, which promotes use of a unique model dataset, performed with Community Earth System Model, Whole Atmosphere Climate Model as its atmospheric component [CESM1(WACCM)], to investigate global and regional impacts geoengineering. The simulations were designed achieve multiple simultaneous climate goals, by strategically placing sulfur injections at four different locations in stratosphere, unlike many...
We describe the first simulations of stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering using multiple injection locations to meet simultaneous surface temperature objectives. Simulations were performed CESM1(WACCM), a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with fully interactive chemistry, dynamics (including an internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation), and sophisticated treatment formation, microphysical growth, deposition. The objectives are defined as maintaining three...
Abstract We present new insights into the evolution and interactions of stratospheric aerosol using an updated version Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Improved horizontal resolution, dynamics, chemistry now produce internally generated quasi‐biennial oscillation significant improvements to temperatures ozone compared observations. a validation WACCM column climate calculations against The prognostic treatment sulfate aerosols accurately represents optical depth...
Abstract Geoengineering methods could potentially offset aspects of greenhouse gas‐driven climate change. However, before embarking on any such strategy, a comprehensive understanding its impacts must be obtained. Here, 20‐member ensemble simulations with the Community Earth System Model Whole Atmosphere Climate as atmospheric component is used to investigate projected hydroclimate changes that occur when warming, under high emissions scenario, stratospheric aerosol geoengineering. Notable...
Solar geoengineering refers to deliberately reducing net radiative forcing by reflecting some sunlight back space, in order reduce anthropogenic climate changes; a possible such approach would be adding aerosols the stratosphere. If future mitigation proves insufficient limit rise global mean temperature less than 1.5°C above preindustrial, it is plausible that additional and limited deployment of solar could damages. That is, these approaches eventually considered as part an overall...
Making informed future decisions about solar radiation modification (SRM; also known as geoengineering)—approaches such stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) that would cool the climate by reflecting sunlight—requires projections of response and associated human ecosystem impacts. These projections, in turn, will rely on simulations with global models. As climate-change these need to adequately span a range possible futures, describing different choices, start date temperature target, well...
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming the Arctic, including loss sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. In this study, we use Community Earth System Model simulate two Arctic-focused strategies, which inject 60°N latitude each spring with rates adjusted either maintain September Arctic ice 2030 levels ("Arctic Low") or...
Abstract By injecting different amounts of SO 2 at multiple latitudes, the spatial pattern aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be partially controlled. This leads to ability influence climate response geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols, providing potential for design. We use simulations from fully coupled whole‐atmosphere chemistry model CESM1(WACCM) demonstrate that by appropriately combining injection just four locations, 30°S, 15°S, 15°N, and 30°N, then three degrees freedom AOD...
<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Understanding the climate impacts of solar geoengineering is essential for evaluating its benefits and risks. Most previous simulations have prescribed a particular strategy evaluated modeled effects. Here we turn this approach around by first choosing example objectives then designing to meet those in models. <br><br> There are four criteria strategy: (i)Â an explicit specification objectives, (ii)Â defining what forcing agents...
Abstract Injection of SO 2 into the stratosphere has been proposed as a method to, in part, counteract anthropogenic climate change. So far, most studies investigated injections at equator or region tropics. Here we use Community Earth System Model version 1 Whole Atmosphere Climate (CESM1(WACCM)) to explore impact continuous single grid point seven different latitudes and two altitudes on aerosol distribution climate. For each 14 locations, 3 constant emission rates were tested identify...
Global-scale solar geoengineering is the deliberate modification of climate system to offset some amount anthropogenic change by reducing incident radiation at surface. These changes planetary energy budget result in differential regional effects. For first time, we quantitatively evaluate potential for disparities a multi-model context using results from model experiment that offsets forcing quadrupling CO2 via reduction irradiance. We temperature and precipitation 22 geographic regions...
Abstract Injections of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere are among several proposed methods solar radiation management. Such injections could cool Earth's climate. However, they would significantly alter dynamics stratosphere. We explore here stratospheric dynamical response to ∼5 km above tropopause at multiple latitudes (equator, 15°S, 15°N, 30°S and 30°N) using a fully coupled Earth system model, Community System Model, version 1, with Whole Atmosphere Climate Model as its atmospheric...
Geoengineering with stratospheric sulfate aerosols can, to some extent, be designed achieve different climate objectives. Here we use the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model, version 1, Whole Atmosphere Climate Model as its atmospheric component (CESM1(WACCM)), compare surface and effects of two geoengineering strategies. In one, SO2 is injected into tropical lower stratosphere at equator keep global mean temperature nearly constant under an RCP8.5 scenario, has been commonly...
Abstract Strategically applied geoengineering is proposed to reduce some of the known side effects stratospheric aerosol modifications. Specific climate goals could be reached depending on design choices sulfur injections by latitude, altitude, and magnitude. Here we explore in detail chemical dynamical responses at different altitudes using a fully coupled Earth System Model. Two scenarios are explored that produce approximately same global cooling 2°C over period 2042–2049, high‐altitude...
Abstract. A new set of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) model experiments has been performed with Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) the Whole Atmosphere Climate (WACCM6) that are based on Coupled Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) overshoot scenario (SSP5-34-OS) as a baseline to limit global warming 1.5 or 2.0 ∘C above 1850–1900 conditions. The allows us applying peak-shaving reduces needed duration and amount SAG application compared high forcing scenario. In...
Abstract Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) has been proposed to reduce some impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Previous studies examined annual mean responses SAG. Here we use the Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble simulations explore effects SAG on seasonal cycle Simulations show that relative present‐day climate, diminishes amplitude temperature at many high‐latitude locations, with warmer winters and cooler summers. The shift significantly influences snow depth sea ice,...
Abstract. We present here results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations for experiments G6sulfur and G6solar six Earth system models participating in Climate (CMIP) Phase 6. The aim of is to reduce warming that a high-tier emission scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP5-8.5) resulting medium-tier (SSP2-4.5). These analyze response climate reduction incoming surface radiation as means global temperatures, they do so either by simulating stratospheric...
Abstract By injecting SO 2 into the stratosphere at four latitudes (30°, 15°N/S), it might be possible not only to reduce global mean surface temperature but also minimize changes in equator‐to‐pole and inter‐hemispheric gradients of temperature, further reducing some impacts arising from climate change relative equatorial injection. This can happen if aerosols are transported higher by stratospheric circulation, ensuring that a greater part solar radiation is reflected back space latitudes,...
Abstract Deliberately blocking out a small portion of the incoming solar radiation would cool climate. One such approach be injecting SO 2 into stratosphere, which produce sulfate aerosols that remain in atmosphere for 1–3 years, reflecting part shortwave radiation. The cooling produced by can offset warming increased greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, but it also affect climate differently, leading to residual differences compared not affected either. Many model simulations geoengineering...
Abstract Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering focused on the Arctic could substantially reduce local and worldwide impacts of anthropogenic global warming. Because receives little sunlight during winter, stratospheric aerosols present in winter at high latitudes have impact climate, whereas summer achieve larger changes radiative forcing. Injecting SO 2 spring leads to peak optical depth (AOD) summer. We demonstrate that injection produces approximately twice as much AOD year‐round restores...
Abstract. Solar climate intervention using stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed method of reducing global mean temperatures to reduce the worst consequences change. A detailed assessment responses and impacts such an needed with multiple models support societal decisions regarding use these approaches help address We present new modeling protocol aimed at simulating plausible deployment reproducibility simulations other Earth system models: Assessing Responses Impacts on...
There is now substantial literature on climate model studies of equatorial or tropical stratospheric SO2 injections that aim to counteract the surface warming produced by rising concentrations greenhouse gases. Here we present results from first systematic intercomparison responses in three Earth system models wherein injection occurs at different latitudes lower stratosphere: CESM2-WACCM6, UKESM1.0 and GISS-E2.1-G. The two use a modal aerosol microphysics scheme, while versions GISS-E2.1-G...