The angiosperm order Malpighiales includes ∼16,000 species and constitutes up to 40% of the understory tree diversity in tropical rain forests. Despite remarkable progress systematics during last 20 y, relationships within remain poorly resolved, possibly owing its rapid rise mid-Cretaceous. Using phylogenomic approaches, including analyses 82 plastid genes from 58 species, we identified 12 additional clades substantially increased resolution along backbone. This greatly improved phylogeny...

Recent studies have suggested that plant genomes undergone potentially rampant horizontal gene transfer (HGT), especially in the mitochondrial genome. Parasitic plants provided strongest evidence of HGT, which appears to be facilitated by intimate physical association between parasites and their hosts. A recent phylogenomic study demonstrated holoparasite Rafflesia cantleyi (Rafflesiaceae), whose close relatives possess world's largest flowers, about 2.1% nuclear transcripts were likely...

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are widespread and prevalent in vascular plants frequently coincide with major episodes of global climatic upheaval, including the mass extinction at Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (c. 65 Ma) during more recent periods aridification Miocene 10-5 Ma). Here, we explore WGDs diverse flowering plant clade Malpighiales. Using transcriptomes complete genomes from 42 species, applied a multipronged phylogenomic pipeline to identify, locate, determine age Malpighiales...

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown that plant genomes potentially undergone rampant horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In parasitic systems HGT appears to be facilitated by the intimate physical association between parasite and its host. in these has been invoked when a DNA sequence obtained from is placed phylogenetically very near host rather than with closest relatives. Studies of plants relied largely on fortuitous discovery phylogenies indicate HGT, no broad systematic search...

Ficus is one of the largest genera in plant kingdom reaching to about 1000 species worldwide. While taxonomic keys are available for identifying most Ficus, it very difficult and time consuming interpretation by a nonprofessional thus requires highly trained taxonomists. The purpose current study develop an efficient baseline automated system, using image processing with pattern recognition approach, identify three which have similar leaf morphology. Leaf images from different namely F....

Species in the holoparasitic plant family Rafflesiaceae exhibit one of most highly modified vegetative bodies flowering plants. Apart from flower shoot and associated bracts, parasite is a mycelium-like endophyte living inside their grapevine hosts. This study provides comprehensive treatment endophytic body for all three genera (Rafflesia, Rhizanthes Sapria), reports on cytology development endophyte, including its structural connection to host, shedding light poorly understood nature this...

Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there are numerous reports on the anti cancer properties of other species, published information cytotoxicity P. very limited. The present study was carried out with bioassay-guided fractionation approach to evaluate and apoptosis induction capability extracts fractions human gynecologic (SKOV-3 Ca Ski) colon (HT-29) cells. exhibited strong all cells studied IC50 values ≤ 20.0 µg/mL. Hexane extract...

Significance Rafflesiaceae produce the world’s largest flowers, but developmental nature of their floral organs has remained a mystery. Most members family have large chamber, which encloses reproductive organs. We used comparative studies development and gene-expression patterns to investigate homology Our results demonstrate that similar chambers in two subclades are constructed very differently. Thus, characteristic features define chamber these closely related clades not homologous....

Baeckea frutescens is a natural remedy recorded to be used in curing various health conditions. In Peninsular Malaysia, B. found on the mountain tops, quartz ridge and sandy coasts. To our knowledge, there only limited published literature frutescens. leaf crude methanol its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate water) were prepared. Folin-Ciocalteau's method was for measurement of total phenolic content extracts. The antioxidant activity measured by scavenging DPPH...

• Premise of the study: The holoparasitic plant family Rafflesiaceae include world's largest flowers. Despite their iconic status, relatively little is known about morphology and development A recent study clarified organization outer (sterile) floral organs, surprisingly revealing that distinctive chambers arose via different developmental pathways in two major genera family. Here, we expand research to investigate structure reproductive organs Rafflesiaceae. Methods: Serial sectioning,...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Partitioning of population genetic variation in plants may be affected by numerous factors including life history and dispersal characteristics. In parasitic plants, interactions with host populations an additional factor influencing partitioning. To test for hierarchical patterns related to obligate endoparasitism, we studied three species Rafflesiaceae, which grow as extremely reduced endophytes infecting Tetrastigma vines Southeast Asia. METHODS: Microsatellite...

mers destined for polymerization is in the range of 12,000 to 26,000, isoelectric points lie between pH 4 and 6, 60% amino acid titer consists aspartic acid, glutamic glycine, valine, lysine (6).In contrast larval integument, sclerotized puparium resistant proteolytic or ' Portions this paper (including "Materials Methods," "Results," Figs. 1 3, Tables I IV) are presented miniprint at end paper.Miniprint easily read with aid a standard magnifying glass.

ABSTRACT A vertical green system (VGS) proposes numerous benefits, expanding from the principles of sustainable social, environmental and economic development, such as aesthetics, health ecology. While extensive research exists on VGS in terms application, plant selection design, limited attention has been given to operational long-term lifecycle maintenance VGS, particularly tropical climates Malaysia. Therefore, this paper aims explore current practices issues climate Qualitative analysis...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of crude methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts medicinal plants, Phyllanthus niruri , pectinatus, acidus, roseus Baccaurea motleyana. Cytotoxic were screened by an in vitro assay system growth inhibition against four human cancer cell lines, namely breast line (MCF7), epidermal carcinoma cervix (CaSki), ovarian (SKOV3) colon (HT29). Extracts which exhibited IC 50 value less than 20.0 µg/ml, considered active. Crude...

Leptospermum flavescens Sm. (Myrtaceae), locally known as 'Senna makki' is a smallish tree that widespread and recorded to naturally occur in the montane regions above 900 m a.s.l from Burma Australia. Although species be used traditionally treat various ailments, there limited data on biological chemical investigations of L. flavescens. The aim present study was investigate understand ability inducing cell death lung cancer cells. cytotoxic potentials extraction yields (methanol, hexane,...

Plant extracts such as essential oils are a common yet valuable source of antioxidants for application in pharmaceutical and food preservative. In this study, the phytochemical profile Baeckea frutescens (BF) Leptospermum javanicum (LJ) were determined using GC-FID GC/MS analyses. This resulted identification 13 components (82.03%) oil BF, major compounds p-cymene (1, 31.06%), α-pinene (2, 24.53%), 1,8-cineole (3, 11.49%), γ-terpinene (4, 8.31%). Whilst, 32 (84.62%) detected LJ, which...