Iron is essential for both plant growth and human health nutrition. Knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that communicate iron demand from shoots to roots regulate uptake as well transport systems mediating partitioning into edible tissues critical development crop biofortification strategies. Here, we report OPT3, previously classified an oligopeptide transporter, a plasma membrane transporter capable transporting transition ions in vitro. Studies Arabidopsis thaliana show OPT3 loads...

WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the transcriptional activator of fatty acid synthesis, was recently identified as a target KIN10, catalytic α-subunit SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1). We tested hypothesis that trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), signal cellular sucrose status, can regulate synthesis by inhibiting SnRK1. Incubation Brassica napus suspension cells in medium containing T6P, or overexpression Escherichia coli T6P synthase, OtsA, Nicotiana benthamiana, significantly increased...

Elevating the lipid content in vegetative tissues has emerged as a new strategy for increasing energy density and biofuel yield of crops. Storage lipids contrast to structural signaling are mainly composed glycerol esters fatty acids, also known triacylglycerol (TAG). TAGs one most energy-rich abundant forms reduced carbon available nature. Therefore, altering carbon-partitioning balance favour TAG sugarcane, highest yielding biomass crops, is expected drastically increase yields. Here we...

WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a member of the APETALA2 (AP2) class transcription factors, positively regulates glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Here, we identify mechanistic links between KIN10, major SUCROSE NON-FERMENTATION1-RELATED KINASE1 involved sugar/energy homeostasis, posttranslational regulation WRI1. Transient expression WRI1 with OLEOSIN1 Nicotiana benthamiana stimulates triacylglycerol accumulation, but their coexpression KIN10 abrogates this effect by inducing...

The biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes in the plastids higher plants requires an extensive supply lipid precursors from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Four TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL (TGD) proteins (TGD1,2,3,4) have thus far been implicated this transfer process. While TGD1, TGD2, and TGD3 constitute ATP binding cassette transporter complex residing plastid inner envelope, TGD4 is a transmembrane protein present outer envelope. These observations raise questions regarding how lipids...

Phytochelatins mediate tolerance to heavy metals in plants and some fungi by sequestering phytochelatin-metal complexes into vacuoles. To date, only Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hmt1 has been described as a phytochelatin transporter attempts identify orthologous transporters other organisms have failed. Furthermore, recent data indicate that the hmt1 mutant accumulates significant levels vacuoles, suggesting unidentified exist fungi. Here, we show deletion of all vacuolar ABC abolishes...

Double-stranded (ds)RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used for functional analysis of plant genes and achieved via generating stable transformants expressing dsRNA in planta. This study demonstrated that RNAi can also be utilized to examine gene functions protoplasts. Because protoplasts are nongrowing cells, effective RNAi-triggered silencing depends not only on a depletion transcripts but turnover rates corresponding polypeptides. Herein, we tested if transient would result the targeted...

The first committed step in fatty acid synthesis is mediated by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), a biotin-dependent enzyme that carboxylates to produce malonyl-CoA. ACCase can be feedback regulated short-term or long-term exposure acids the form of Tween 80 (predominantly containing oleic acid), which results reversible irreversible inhibition, respectively. Biotin attachment domain-containing (BADC) proteins are inactive analogs biotin carboxyl transfer lack biotin, and their incorporation...

Photosynthetically derived sugar provides carbon skeletons for lipid biosynthesis. We used mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the expression oleogenic factors to investigate relationships among availability, synthesis, accumulation triacylglycerol (TAG) in leaf tissue. The adg1 mutation disables small subunit ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, first step starch suc2 a sucrose/proton symporter that facilitates sucrose loading from leaves into phloem. adg1suc2 double mutant...

Protoplasts are plant cells that have had their cell walls enzymatically removed. Isolation of protoplasts from different tissues was first reported more than 40 years ago and has since been adapted to study a variety cellular processes, such as subcellular localization proteins, isolation intact organelles targeted gene-inactivation by double stranded RNA interference (RNAi). Most the protoplast protocols use leaf mature Arabidopsis (e.g. 35-day-old plants). We modified existing employing...

WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a transcriptional activator that binds to conserved sequence (designated as AW box) boxes in the promoters of many genes from central metabolism and fatty acid (FA) synthesis, resulting their transcription. BIOTIN ATTACHMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING (BADC) proteins lack biotin-attachment domain are therefore inactive, but presence excess FA, BADC1 BADC3 primarily responsible for observed long-term irreversible inhibition ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE, consequently FA synthesis. Here,...

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8 (CDK8), a component of the kinase module Mediator complex in Arabidopsis, is involved many processes, including flowering, plant defense, drought, and energy stress responses. Here, we investigated cdk8 mutants CDK8-overexpressing lines to evaluate whether CDK8 also plays role regulating lipid synthesis, an energy-demanding anabolism. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significant reductions synthesis rates accumulation developing siliques seedlings cdk8,...

SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1), a central plant metabolic sensor kinase, phosphorylates its target proteins, triggering global shift from anabolism to catabolism. Molecular modeling revealed that upon binding of KIN10 GEMINIVIRUS REP-INTERACTING (GRIK1), KIN10’s activation T-loop reorients into GRIK1’s active site, enabling phosphorylation and activation. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) is proxy for cellular sugar status potent inhibitor SnRK1. T6P binds KIN10, SnRK1...

Abstract Strain engineering on metal‐based catalysts has been utilized as an efficacious strategy to regulate the mechanism and pathways in various electrocatalytic reactions. However, controlling strain establishing strain‐activity relationship still remain significant challenges. Herein, three different continuous tensile strains (CuPd‐1.90%, CuAu‐3.37%, CuAg‐4.33%) are successfully induced by introducing heteroatoms with atomic radius. The catalytic performances of CuPd‐1.90%, CuAg‐4.33%...

We previously demonstrated that exogenous trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) treatment stabilized WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a master transcriptional regulator of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and increased total FA content in Brassica napus ( B. ) embryo suspension cell culture. Here, we explore Arabidopsis lines heterologously expressing the Escherichia coli T6P synthase (otsA) or phosphatase (otsB) to refine our understanding regarding role regulating both seeds vegetative tissues. 35S: otsA transgenic...

During the transformation of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana, a T-DNA containing OLEOSIN-GFP (OLE1-GFP) was inserted by happenstance within GBSS1 gene, resulting in significant reduction amylose and increase leaf oil content transgenic line (OG). The synergistic effect on accumulation combining gbss1 with expression OLE1-GFP confirmed transforming an independent mutant (GABI_914G01) OLE1-GFP. OLE1-GFP/gbss1 lines showed higher than individual OLE1-GFP/WT or single lines. Further stacking...

Storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) serve as an important energy and carbon reserve in plants, hyperaccumulation of TAG vegetative tissues can have negative effects on plant growth. Purple acid phosphatase2 (PAP2) was previously shown to affect metabolism boost However, the PAP2 lipid remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that stimulate a futile cycle fatty (FA) synthesis degradation, mitigate growth associated with high accumulation tissues. Constitutive expression Arabidopsis...

The sensor kinase Sucrose Non-fermenting-1-Related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) plays a central role in energy and metabolic homeostasis. KIN10 is major catalytic (α) subunit of SnRK1 regulated by transcription, posttranslational modification, targeted protein degradation, its subcellular localization. Geminivirus Rep Interacting 2 (GRIK1 2) are immediate upstream kinases KIN10. In the transient expression assays carried out Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) leaves, GRIK1 not only phosphorylates...

Photosynthetically derived sugars provide carbon skeletons for metabolism and signals that favor anabolism. The amount of sugar available fatty acid (FA) triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis depends on compartmentation, transport, demands from competing pathways. We are exploring the influence partitioning between vacuole cytoplasm FA in Arabidopsis by building our previous finding reduced leaf export sucrose-proton symporter2 ( suc2 ) mutant, combination with impaired starch ADP-glucose...