Background The increasing number of horses diagnosed with insulin resistance ( IR ) and the suggested link between laminitis has highlighted need to accurately diagnose in clinical practice. Hypothesis/Objectives aim study was evaluate repeatability combined glucose‐insulin tolerance test CGIT as well determine effect 2 different breeds a stressor on results. Animals Clinically normal horses, 9 Standardbred Icelandic horses. Methods Prospective nonrandomized trial. performed all occasions 3...

High-energy forage might be an alternative to concentrates for performance horses and such can produced by early cut. However, cut is high in crude protein (CP), which may result excessive CP intake.To investigate how intake affects nitrogen (N), fluid acid-base balance, exercise response fed high-energy diets. The hypothesis was that causes acidosis, alters balance intensive exercise.Two forage-only diets based on grass were 23 days a crossover design 6 Standardbred racing condition. One...

An oral sugar test (OST) using Karo® Light Corn Syrup has been developed in the USA as a field for assessment of insulin dysregulation horses but syrup is not available Scandinavian grocery stores. The aim study was to compare results modified OST between with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and healthy commercially glucose (Dansukker glykossirap). In addition, effect breed repeatability were evaluated. present study, clinically (7 Shetland ponies, 8 Icelandic horses, Standardbred horses) 20...

Summary Reasons for performing study Training regimens of showjumping horses under field conditions are largely undocumented. Objectives The aims this were to quantify and compare training used in professional‐level yards, with respect time exercised type activity. Study design Prospective cohort study. Methods A prospective 6‐month 4 E uropean countries ( T he N etherlands, S weden, witzerland, G reat B ritain) was designed analyse health data, yards several riders competing at professional...

Abstract Background Neutrophil myeloperoxidase content is determined by the Advia 2120 hematology system staining characteristics. Changes in are shown location of neutrophils on peroxidase dot plots and as index ( MPXI ). Significant changes have been reported during severe inflammation horses, dogs, people but conclusions were inconsistent. Objectives Infusion endotoxin was used to initiate an inflammatory stimulus under controlled conditions over a longer time period than previous studies...

Abstract Background Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been reported to hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic marker in foals. This not investigated thoroughly. Objectives Evaluate admission SAA concentrations predictor of sepsis outcome. Animals Five hundred ninety hospitalized foals <14 days old. Methods Retrospective multicenter study. Foals were scored with survival scores, grouped according health category (septic, sick but nonseptic, uncertain status) outcome; septic further categorized...

Summary Reason for performing study: It is unclear to what extent the physiological response a standardised treadmill exercise test simulating racing conditions resembles circulatory and metabolic observed after simulated race on track. Objectives: To compare responses of used simulate performed track same Standardbred trotting horses, all in condition. Methods: Six trotters condition inclined protocol (ST) field (FT). Heart respiratory rates, haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), glucose,...

To quantify insulin sensitivity and monitor glucose, insulin, lipid concentrations in a group of moderately insulin-resistant horses during induction obesity by use forage diet supplemented with fat subsequent turnout to pasture. ANIMALS 9 adult Standardbred mares (11 20 years old).Weight gain was induced 22 weeks fed gradually increasing amounts, followed feeding that fat-supplemented at 2.5 times the daily maintenance requirements. Horses were then turned out Insulin measured euglycemic...

Engagement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a master trigger the deleterious effects septic shock. Horses and humans are considered most sensitive species to shock, but mechanisms explaining these phenomena remain elusive. Analysis tlr4 promoters revealed high similarity among LPS-sensitive (human, chimpanzee, horse) low with LPS-resistant (mouse rat). Four conserved nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) binding sites were found in promoter two md2 sequences that likely...

Background A hyperbolic relationship between β‐cell response and insulin sensitivity ( IS ) has been described in several species including rodents, dogs, humans. This not elucidated the horse. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine whether exists horses by using indices of from oral sugar test OST measurements euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp EHC ). second aim was to compare how well estimates correlate. Animals Forty‐nine with different degrees regulation (normal‐to‐severe dysregulation)....

Decreasing hyperinsulinemia is crucial in preventing laminitis insulin dysregulated (ID) horses. Complementary pharmacological treatments that efficiently decrease postprandial ID horses are needed.Compare short-term effects of canagliflozin vs placebo on glucose and responses to an oral sugar test (OST) as well the body weight triglyceride concentrations with ID.Sixteen privately-owned horses.A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The were...

Systemic hypertension is a prominent feature in humans with metabolic syndrome (MS) and this partly caused by an enhanced endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediated vasoconstriction. There are indications that systemic might be equine (EMS) but if ET-1 involved the development of horses not known. Increased levels cortisol have also been found MS there no reports horses. Before blood pressure, plasma serum can evaluated EMS, it necessary to investigate interday variation these parameters on clinically...

Summary Background There is little evidence that horses with equine metabolic syndrome ( EMS ) have higher resting blood pressures than normal insulin sensitivity. However, there are indications an altered dynamic response to the cardiovascular effects of insulin. Objectives To examine heart rate and systemic pressure in control during infusion. Study design Cross‐sectional study. Methods Horses were examined oral sugar test OST a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp EHC ). Based on results...

The branched chain amino acid leucine is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion. Used in combination with glucose it can increase the response and post exercise re-synthesis glycogen man. Decreased plasma concentrations have been reported after intravenous or per oral administration man as well single dose horses. In man, negative correlation between isoleucine, valine methionine shown but results from horses are lacking. This study aims to determine effect repeated mixture on free profile...

To determine whether repeated oral administration of glucose and leucine during the period immediately after intense exercise would increase release insulin thereby enhance glycogen synthesis in horses.12 Standardbred horses.In a crossover study design, glycogen-depleting exercise, horses received boluses (1 g/kg at 0, 2, 4 hours) (0.1 0 or water (10 mL/kg hours; control treatment). Blood samples for determination glucose, insulin, concentrations were collected prior to 6-hour exercise....

It is highly desirable to assess the probability of survival in sick neonatal foals upon admission. The foal score (FSS) a published scoring system used estimate hospitalized <4 days old.To evaluate ability FSS predict older from geographically different area compared original study.Five-hundred ninety ≤14 age.Retrospective Danish-Swedish multicenter study that included details signalment, history, clinical examination, laboratory results, necropsy findings, and outcome. Scores variables...

Abstract Background Endotoxemia is a common and severe disease of horses. Most previous studies have monitored changes caused by bolus dose endotoxin over short time periods. Objectives We aimed to describe inflammatory responses with hematologic markers longer than has been performed in the past using more prolonged exposures. Methods Escherichia coli O55:B5 was administered as 6‐hour continuous intravenous infusion lipopolysaccharide (LPS) eight Blood cell counts, prostaglandin F 2α...