A5049873800- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
United States Department of Agriculture
2009-2023
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
2009-2023
National Wildlife Research Center
2008-2021
National Wildlife Health Center
2009-2016
United States Geological Survey
2016
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
2016
University of Minnesota
2016
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2012
Colorado State University
2009
Background Wild mallards (Anas platyrhychos) are considered one of the primary reservoir species for avian influenza viruses (AIV). Because AIV circulating in wild birds pose an indirect threat to agriculture and human health, understanding ecology developing risk assessments surveillance systems prevention disease is critical. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, were experimentally infected with H4N6 subtype by oral inoculation or contact contaminated water source. Cloacal swabs,...
Abstract In November 2014, a Eurasian strain H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry Canada. Introduced viruses were soon the United States and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million affected. an effort study potential mechanisms of H5 virus, Department Agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at farms. As part those efforts, we sampled synanthropic birds mammals five infected uninfected farms northwest Iowa for...
Background Avian influenza viruses are known to productively infect a number of mammal species, several which commonly found on or near poultry and gamebird farms. While control rodent species is often used limit avian virus transmission within among outbreak sites, few studies have investigated the potential role these in dynamics. Methodology/Principal Findings We trapped sampled synanthropic mammals farm Idaho, USA that had recently experienced low pathogenic outbreak. Six six house mice...
West Nile virus (WNV) is a vector-borne pathogen that was first detected in the United States 1999. The natural transmission cycle of WNV involves mosquito vectors and avian hosts, which vary their competency to transmit virus. American robins are an abundant backyard species appear have important role amplification dissemination WNV. In this study we examine response infection with various doses within range those administered by some vectors. Thirty were assigned dosage treatment needle...
A United States interagency avian influenza surveillance plan was initiated in 2006 for early detection of highly pathogenic viruses (HPAIV) wild birds. The included a variety bird sampling strategies including the testing fecal samples from aquatic areas throughout April through December 2007. Although HPAIV not detected this effort we were able to obtain 759 that positive low virus (LPAIV). We used 136 DNA sequences obtained these along with public sequence database phylogenetic assessment...
Background Wild raccoons have been shown to be naturally exposed avian influenza viruses (AIV). However, the mechanisms associated with these natural exposures are not well-understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We experimentally tested three alternative routes (water, eggs, and scavenged waterfowl carcasses) of AIV transmission that may explain how in wild AIV. Raccoons were 1) water 2) eggs spiked an (H4N6), as well 3) mallard carcasses inoculated same virus. Three four high dose...
Abstract The potential role of wild mammals in avian influenza A virus (IAV) transmission cycles has received some attention recent years and cases where birds have transmitted IAV to been documented. However, the contrasting cycle, wherein a mammal could transmit an birds, largely overlooked. We experimentally tested abilities two mammalian species mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) simulated natural environments. Results suggested that striped skunks Mephitis mephitis can successfully through...
In 2015, a major outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection devastated poultry facilities in Minnesota, USA. To understand the potential role wild birds, we tested 3,139 waterfowl fecal samples and 104 sick dead birds during March 9-June 4, 2015. HPAIV was isolated from Cooper's hawk but not samples.
ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses present a major challenge for animal and human health. They circulate widely in wild waterfowl frequently spillover into poultry, emphasizing the need risk-based surveillance birds an understanding of relative importance different transmission mechanisms. We addressed this objective with replicated ( N = 6) experimental infection study which we serially exposed eight cohorts four naïve contact mallards to experimentally infected mallard shared water pool. Viral...
Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) can lead to epizootics that cause economic losses in poultry or the emergence of human-infectious strains. LPAIVs experience a complex immunity landscape as they are endemic numerous host species, and many antigenically distinct strains co-circulate. Prevention control detrimental requires an understanding infection/transmission characteristics various subtypes different hosts, including interactions between subtypes. In order develop...
Background Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are susceptible to infection with some influenza A viruses. However, the viral shedding capability of this peri-domestic mammal and its potential role in virus ecology largely undetermined. Methodology/Principal Findings were experimentally infected a low pathogenic (LP) H4N6 avian (AIV) monitored for 20 days post (DPI). All exposed AIV shed large quantities RNA, as detected by real-time RT-PCR confirmed live isolation, from nasal washes oral...
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose risks to public, agricultural, and wildlife health. Bridge hosts are spillover that share habitat with both maintenance (e.g., mallards) target poultry). We conducted a comprehensive assessment of European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ), common visitor urban agricultural environments, assess whether this species might act as potential or bridge host for IAVs. First, we experimentally inoculated wild bird IAV investigate susceptibility replication...
Background Cottontails (Sylvilagus spp.) are common mammals throughout much of the U.S. and often found in peridomestic settings, potentially interacting with livestock poultry operations. If these animals susceptible to avian influenza virus (AIV) infections shed sufficient quantities they may pose a risk for movement viruses between wildlife domestic certain situations. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess viral shedding potential AIV cottontails, we nasally inoculated fourteen...
Cliff swallows ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ) were inoculated with differing doses of West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in nature. Swallows often nest large colonies habitats and months associated high mosquito abundance early WNV transmission North America. Additionally, cliff swallow diet consists insects, including mosquitoes, leading an additional route infection. The average peak viremia titer among infected was 10 6.3 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL...
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. The organism typically maintained within geographic region colonizing renal tubules of carrier animals and shed into environment in urine. We assessed whether L. interrogans was present fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) Larimer County, Colorado, USA, it associated with disease. Twenty-two were trapped from 29 November 2011 to 15 December for use an unrelated study. individually housed 33–65 days euthanized; no...
Background: Avian influenza viruses are known to productively infect a number of mammal species, several which commonly found on or near poultry and gamebird farms.While control rodent species is often used limit avian virus transmission within among outbreak sites, few studies have investigated the potential role these in dynamics.Methodology/Principal Findings: We trapped sampled synanthropic mammals farm Idaho, USA that had recently experienced low pathogenic outbreak.Six six house mice...