The 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake caused widespread nonstructural damage in practically all types of buildings. While few commercial, residential, office, and industrial buildings suffered structural damage, the functionality many more facilities was disrupted, significant economic losses were reported due mainly to damage. Design requirements for components Chilean design codes are rarely enforced, unless explicitly requested by owners. In addition, construction predating modern has not...

Natural hazards engineering plays an important role in minimizing the effects of natural on society through design resilient and sustainable infrastructure. The DesignSafe cyberinfrastructure has been developed to enable facilitate transformative research engineering, which necessarily spans across multiple disciplines can take advantage advancements computation, experimentation, data analysis. allows researchers more effectively share find using cloud services, perform numerical simulations...

ABSTRACT In Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E multidrug efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family make a major contribution to solvent resistance. Two have been identified: TtgABC, expressed constitutively, and TtgDEF, induced by aromatic hydrocarbons. A double mutant lacking both was able survive sudden toluene shock if only preinduced with small amounts supplied via gas phase. this article we report identification characterization in strain third pump, named TtgGHI. The ttgGHI...

Experimental and numerical studies are used to examine the behavior of friction pendulum (FP) bearings multiple components excitation. In experimental studies, a scaled rigid-frame model representing rigid bridge superstructure on four FP is subjected displacement-controlled orbits earthquake simulations. Using test data from bidirectional displacement orbits, constant coefficient calibrated for rate-independent plasticity bearings. The compared with simulations evaluate efficacy models....

Abstract Compensation of delay and dynamic response servo‐hydraulic actuators is critical for stability accuracy hybrid experimental numerical simulations seismic structures. In this study, current procedures compensation actuator are examined improved proposed to minimize errors. The new require little or no a priori information about the behavior test specimen input excitation. First, simple approach introduced rapid online estimation system command gain, thus capturing variability through...

As part of the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Research (NEESR)-Grand Challenge Project Seismic Performance Nonstructural Systems, an experimental program was carried out to evaluate seismic responses, failure mechanisms, and fragilities cold-formed steel framed gypsum partition walls. Understanding behavior building interior walls is important because damage these nonstructural components can initiate at relatively low story drift levels, potentially degrading overall...

A novel nonlinear isolation system designed for buildings is proposed to isolate vibrations in the vertical direction. The characterized by quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) obtained combining linear springs parallel with disk having stiffness, including a region negative stiffness. Static analysis was first applied establish force-displacement relation of bearings and then determine dynamic equations motion. Two approximate analytical methods, average method (AM) harmonic balance (HBM), were solve...

ABSTRACT Steel moment frames composed of wide‐flange steel members are commonly used in seismic regions, with deep and slender column sections often selected to economically satisfy drift limit requirements. The section slenderness makes the columns more susceptible local global buckling subsequent axial shortening when subjected combined high forces lateral deformations. Numerous tests have been conducted on individual under a wide range loads loading patterns. Experimental data subassembly...

SUMMARY Base‐isolated buildings are typically important facilities expected to remain functional after a major earthquake. However, their behavior under extreme ground shaking is not well understood. A series of earthquake simulator experiments were performed assess performance limit states seismically isolated strong motions, including pounding against moat wall. The test setup consists quarter scale three‐story frame at the base with friction pendulum bearings and wall model. An effort was...

Bearings used in the seismic isolation of buildings can be subjected to large horizontal deformations combined with high axial loads from overturning forces during strong shaking. Elastomeric bearing design requires an evaluation critical load capacity under this loading ensure stability. To better understand and estimate elastomeric bearings, a comprehensive experimental program was carried out examine stability using two quasi-static one dynamic procedures. The first method evaluate...

ABSTRACT Sequence analysis in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E revealed a second toluene efflux system for metabolism encoded by the ttgDEF genes, which are adjacent to tod genes. The genes were expressed response presence of aromatic hydrocarbons such as and styrene culture medium. To characterize contribution TtgDEF tolerance P. , site-directed mutagenesis was used knock out gene wild-type strain mutant derivative, DOT-T1E-18. This carried Tn 5 insertion ttgABC cluster, encodes pump that is...

Pseudomonas putida DOT‐T1E grows on a water–toluene double liquid phase. Toluene tolerance in this microorganism is mainly achieved by at least two efflux pumps that belong to the RND family. The TtgDEF pump induced toluene, whereas other pump, called TtgABC, expressed high level cells not exposed toluene and lower grown with toluene. ttgR gene adjacent ttgABC operon transcribed divergently from ttgA . expression of was fourfold higher growing presence than its absence. In TtgR‐deficient...

A full-scale, 5-story steel moment frame building in base-isolated and fixed-base configurations was subjected to a number of ground motions using the E-Defense shake table. In these experiments, more than 84 m2 (900 ft2) suspended ceiling with lay-in tiles, 90 m (300 linear ft) partition walls individual lengths varying from 1.5 9.8 (5 32 ft), three sprinkler branch lines were installed below fifth sixth (roof) floors building. Because horizontal floor accelerations generally constrained...

The implementation of two series hybrid simulations that aim to trace the system-level seismic response a four-story steel moment frame building structure through collapse is presented. In first tests, half-scale 1½-bay by 1½-story physical substructure special moment-resisting considered, while in second corresponds gravity framing system with similar-sized specimen. An objective these tests demonstrate potential simulation substructuring as cost-effective alternative earthquake simulators...

SUMMARY Hybrid simulation combines numerical and experimental methods for cost‐effective, large‐scale testing of structures under simulated dynamic earthquake loads. Particularly seismic collapse structures, hybrid can be an attractive alternative to simulators due the limited capacity most facilities difficulties risks associated with a collapsing structure on shaking table. The benefits through further enhanced accurate practical substructuring techniques that do not require entire...

Existing steel concentrically braced frame (CBF) buildings subjected to seismic hazards can exhibit an undesirable soft-story response, in which drift and damage are concentrated a single story, whereas other stories remain relatively undamaged. This paper investigates the fundamental behavior proposes rehabilitative design procedure that uses stiff rocking core (SRC) redistribute lateral demands, thereby preventing response. The technique is nonintrusive compared traditional measures...

Detailed finite-element (FE) analyses were conducted using commercial software to simulate the behavior of concrete-filled double-skin tube (CFDST) columns subjected postearthquake fires. The main goal these simulations was replicate results from a series experiments that first CFDST different levels seismic damage by applying cyclic lateral loading, and then fire testing same specimens in furnace. numerical paralleled loading sequence. Different material models modeling techniques assessed...

The hybrid simulation test method is a versatile technique for evaluating the seismic performance of structures by seamlessly integrating both physical and numerical simulations substructures into single model. Hybrid results have been shown to be reliable comparison shake-table when propagation experimental errors successfully mitigated. Techniques proposed assess severity prior or after tests completed. In this paper, an error monitoring presented that predicts reliability in real time...

SUMMARY Base isolated buildings subjected to extreme earthquakes can exceed their design displacements and impact against the surrounding moat wall. To better understand consequences of on superstructure, an element considering wall flexibility is proposed based theory observations during experimental simulations. It demonstrated that numerical simulations using capture dominant characteristics contact force observed in experiments base impacting various configurations including concrete...

SUMMARY Hybrid simulation combines numerical and experimental methods for cost‐effective, large‐scale testing of structures under simulated earthquake loading. Structural system level response can be obtained by expressing the equation motion combined substructures, solved using time‐stepping integration similar to pure simulations. It is often assumed that a reliable model exists substructures while correspond parts structure are difficult model. A wealth data becomes available during from...

Experimental studies were conducted to examine the behavior of concrete-filled double-skin tube (CFDST) columns exposed fire after being subjected simulated seismic loads. The experiments in two separate phases, consisting (1) quasi-static cyclic tests, followed by (2) tests. Three nominally identical column specimens constructed for these studies. One was directly tested under quantify its resistance an undamaged condition. other first lateral loads, imposing varying degrees drift simulate...

Pressurized fire suppression sprinkler piping is a critical nonstructural system that must remain operational after an earthquake, particularly in facilities. Observations from past earthquakes have demonstrated the locations most susceptible to damage systems are joints, heads, support hangers, and bracing systems. However, field observations previous experimentations insufficient fully characterize response of under seismic actions develop effective solutions improve their performance....

The collapse probability of two three story base-isolated buildings considering pounding to moat walls is examined using the methodology in FEMA P695. superstructure models consist a steel intermediate moment frame and ordinary braced designed for same seismic hazard. behavior these under various ground motions first examined, it found that more rigid results larger displacements demands on isolation system, increasing potential impact. studies examine effect wall gap distance structures....