Research suggests that incarceration exposure increases the prevalence of morbidity and premature mortality. This work is only beginning to examine whether stressors experience become biologically embedded in ways affect physiological deterioration. Using data from a longitudinal sample 410 African American adults Family Community Health Study an epigenetic index aging, this study tests extent which accelerates aging experiences with violence moderate association. Results models adjust for...

Objectives:We examine whether offenders are at greater risk of violent victimization than non-offenders because their disputatiousness; that is, tendency to become involved in verbal conflicts. We also more disputatious low self-control, alcohol use, and honor-based attitudes disputatiousness can explain the effects these individual differences on victimization. Method:A series regression models self-reported data from 503 male inmates 220 men (N = 723) they know community who have never...

This article examines the distribution of self-reported mental health conditions and clinical contact among incarcerated transgender gender diverse (TGD) individuals compared to cisgender women men. Data are derived from 2016 Survey Prison Inmates. Results indicate that TGD respondents report more symptoms, conditions, than their counterparts. The findings have important implications for disadvantages experienced by people currently in prison.

Abstract Urban greenspace (UGS) has been recently linked to public safety. Criminologists, however, have largely absent from the discussion about this association, despite having important theoretical tools and empirical findings contribute. In current study, we review prominent criminological perspectives that may be used explain association between UGS crime. Furthermore, draw prior work extend beyond question of whether affects crime more crucial when it does. Using a sample block groups...

Studies of neighborhood crime are often limited in their ability to account for the dynamic nature human mobility, a central tenet prominent theoretical perspectives on spatial distribution crime. Yet, recent work indicates utility social media data estimating size and composition such ambient population. In present study, we assess whether four Twitter-derived measures associated with counts across 2,348 block groups. Specifically, focus density Twitter users (and tweets), as well...

A bourgeoning area of research suggests that tree canopy coverage can reduce crime in neighborhoods. However, nearly all prior studies have analyzed the effects on across neighborhoods at a single timepoint. Thus, it is necessary to examine change within relationship between and aggregate outcomes. For present study, we conduct longitudinal block group analysis coverage, sociodemographic characteristics, Washington, DC. To model within-neighborhood change, employ an unconditional...

Despite the plethora of telehealth applications to assist home-based older adults and healthcare providers, basic messaging phone calls are still most common communication methods, which suffer from limited availability, information loss, process inefficiencies. One promising solution facilitate patient-provider is leverage large language models (LLMs) with their powerful natural conversation summarization capability. However, there a understanding LLMs' role during communication. We first...

Abstract We examine the role of a norm protecting women in understanding third‐party partisanship verbal and violent disputes. Our analyses are based on reports provided by male inmates men they know who have never been arrested. The results show that third parties more likely to support female adversaries than adversaries. gender effect is stronger when we control for relational distance between adversaries, which indicates privacy might inhibit this normative protection. somewhat weaker...

Abstract Depression is a particularly prevalent form of psychopathology affecting millions individuals worldwide. It associated with variety adverse social and behavioral outcomes. Numerous observational studies have found that depressed significantly elevated rates interpersonal violence. As now, the mechanisms explain association between depression violence remain understudied not well understood. Drawing on aggression psychology literatures, we argue actors suffer skills deficits exhibit...

Despite the plethora of telehealth applications to assist home-based older adults and healthcare providers, basic messaging phone calls are still most common communication methods, which suffer from limited availability, information loss, process inefficiencies. One promising solution facilitate patient-provider is leverage large language models (LLMs) with their powerful natural conversation summarization capability. However, there a understanding LLMs' role during communication. We first...

Perhaps few decisions have more of an impact on the operational functioning criminal justice system than decision by victims crime to notify police. Researchers in United States and abroad found that often choose not mobilize law aftermath a victimization event. A large percentage property violent crimes never appear official data estimates. Most remain hidden dark figure crime. Victim nonreporting has numerous implications for processing, control policy, substantive research causes...

Abstract If disputes are ever-present in human interaction, all relational dyads contain potential offenders and targets. We theorize that each dyad partner’s self-control independently influences the likelihood of violence low will express itself provocative behaviour. Using two waves from Interpersonal Conflict Resolution survey, with measures collected member 443 couples, we create analyse independent contributions specified variables for both would-be target. found a target was more...

Supervised personal training is most effective in improving the health effects of exercise older adults. Yet, low frequency (60 min, 1-3 sessions/week) trainer contact limits influence on behavior change outside sessions. Strategies to extend effect supervision and that integrate meaningful intelligent two-way communication provide complex interactive problem solving may motivate adults "move more sit less" sustain positive behaviors further improve health. This paper describes experimental...

Abstract Criminological research has long suggested that attitudes concerned with honour and aggression, such as the ‘street code’, are related to violent offending victimization. Comparatively, little information is known, however, about mechanisms through which these increase violence. Drawing from interactionist perspectives of aggression subcultural theories, we examine mediating role two conflict-related tendencies: disputatiousness remedial actions. We also extent actions moderate...

Homicide trend research has relied heavily on the same two data systems for decades. The current article highlights utility of a newer database—the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS)—for examining contours homicide change. First, we describe history, design, and availability NVDRS, review past longitudinal studies using these data. Second, discuss features system that researchers should consider when conducting analyses: (a) representativeness (b) completeness. Third,...

Abstract What transpires in a dispute, even violent is affected by the tendency for adversaries to engage “limited offending.” We focus on one restraint: of men limit their aggression disputes with women. Analyses are based an incident‐level survey about interpersonal administered 503 who incarcerated and 220 had never been incarcerated. Using multinomial logistic regression models, we examined extent which adversary's gender predicted dispute‐related behaviors. The evidence suggests that...

Abstract We examine to what extent control behavior precipitates disputes involving adversaries in different social relationships. hypothesize that between intimate partners and illegal business are more likely than other involve because they a higher level of interdependence the participants. A sample male inmates ( n = 479) nonoffenders 206) were asked whether behaviors (e.g., verbal commands) precipitated their most recent 1184). Bivariate probit regression models allowed us mutual as...

Abstract Background Describe trends in perpetrator characteristics and firearm use pediatric homicides across the United States. Methods Multiply-imputed data from Federal Bureau of Investigation’s 1976–2020 Supplementary Homicide Reports were used to estimate (sex, age, relationship victim) homicides. Descriptive analyses stratified by victim age group, sex, race, five-year time periods. Results Family members most common infant toddler (ages 0–4) child 5–12) homicides, whereas...

The current study assesses the impact of movement that followed George Floyd's murder on early adolescent attitudes toward police (ATP). Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we examine ATP among Midwestern sample 5th and 6th grade students before (fall 2018 fall 2019) after 2020) murder. Descriptive results reveal distributions were identical during 2019 survey years but shifted 2020 year. Results from mixed effects linear regression models indicate Black White girls experienced largest...