This work investigates the lower bounds of wireless localization accuracy using signal strength on commodity hardware. Our relies trace-driven analysis an extensive indoor experimental infrastructure. First, we report best accuracy, twice prior reported for any system. We experimentally show that adding more and resources (e.g., training points or landmarks) beyond a certain limit, can degrade performance lateration-based algorithms, it could only be improved further by "cleaning" data....

In this paper, an efficient relative pose estimation method based on multimicroscopic vision is presented for the alignment of long cylindrical components in six degree-of-freedom 3-D space. First, measures orientation errors between a coarse-to-fine manner. The coarse reflects average difference among multiedges and it promises can converge to limited extent rapidly. fine detect whether will interfere with each other insertion process provides higher measurement accuracy under multilateral...

In this paper, we present a new “hybrid” method for on-wafer dielectric measurements of nanolitre fluid samples. The first part the hybrid uses technique that extracts complex relative permittivity material used to make microfluidic channels. extraction is performed with an empty channel measurement, and thus requires no extra deembedding structures. second involves accurate fluids. three different algorithms calculates their Type B uncertainties within NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework....

With emerging medical, chemical, and biological applications of microwave-microfluidic devices, many researchers desire a fast accurate calibration that can be achieved in single connection. However, traditional on-wafer or coaxial calibrations require measurements several different artifacts to the data prior measuring device. Ideally, artifact would able present impedance states correct vector network analyzer data, minimizing drift eliminating artifact-to-artifact connection errors. Here,...

The dielectric spectroscopy (DS) measurement is an attractive noninvasive method to reveal the intrinsic information of biological materials and cell cultures. However, presence a double layer due electrode polarization within lower RF microwave range significantly affects accurate analysis properties ionic liquids. In this paper, we measure broadband DS five saline solutions with microfluidic coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line sensor across frequency from 40 kHz 110 GHz. Derived...

In this paper, minimum shift keying (MSK) scheme and Gaussian (GMSK) used in Short-Range visible light communication(VLC) is presented. The light-emitting diode (LED) model short-range VLC introduced, the bit error rate (BER) performance of MSK compared with GMSK by Monte Carlo simulations experiments. results are shown has better BER than verified.

This letter presents broadband on-wafer dielectric spectroscopy of baker's yeast cell suspensions up to 110 GHz. A detailed analysis the sensitivities measurement repeatability and uncertainties in multi-step de-embedding procedure is performed. The Cole-Cole dispersion parameters are obtained from measured complex permittivity data between 0.5 Our shows that per frequency most sensitive length test fixture, while relaxation time model repeatability.

We present two new methods to perform series-resistor calibrations on substrates with losses. Lossless calibration substrates, which are required by the traditional comparison technique, not needed. The proposed rely multiline thru-reflect-line-calibrated and series-capacitor data. first method uses closed-form equations second is based multifrequency optimization. a fundamental assumption that resistance inductance of standards fabricated thin-film technologies frequency-independent. In...

In high definition video decoders for the standard like H.264, bandwidth requirement is a critical design issue due to overwhelming amount of memory data access. This paper proposes new adaptive reference frame compression scheme reduce external consumption. An efficient variable length coding proposed compress each processing unit efficiently. Moreover, an mode decision adaptively choose best according image characteristic and requirement. As result, achieves reduction with little quality...

This letter presents a general "line-line" (LL) method for measuring dielectric material's permittivity using transmission lines. Like the previous LL methods, proposed needs fully characterized line as reference. Different from reference can be loaded with an arbitrary material and of length. The is validated on-wafer fluid measurement up to 50 GHz, results pure water agree well literature values.

This paper reports on a microwave heater at 20 GHz for digital microfluidics. It allows rapid heating of nanoliter fluid samples and simultaneous temperature monitoring by correlating the reflection coefficient with dependency relative permittivity lossy under consideration, in this case demineralized water. Microwave was performed power levels 23 dBm on-wafer probe tips 500 nL. Temperature measurements were carried out miniaturized type K thermocouple, platinum resistor to monitor reference...

Markov networks are frequently used in sciences to represent conditional independence relationships underlying observed variables arising from a complex system. It is often of interest understand how an network differs between two conditions. In this paper, we develop methods for comparing pair high-dimensional where allow the number increase with sample sizes. By taking density ratio approach, able learn difference directly and avoid estimating individual graphs. Our thus applicable even...

The propagation and scattering properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves interacting with the wake flow fields hypersonic reentry blunt cone are studied by applying Runge-Kutta exponential time differencing-finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm in this paper. parameters obtained from Fluent software. numerical results show that plasma has a significant effect on EM wave conductive covered plasma. attenuation becomes more intense an increase distance due to absorbing collision,...

The trapezoidal recursive convolution (TRC) flnite- difierence time-domain (FDTD) method is extended to study the bistatic scattering radar cross sections (RCS) of conductive targets covered with inhomogeneous, time-varying, magnetized plasma medium. two-dimensional TRC-FDTD formulations for electromagnetic are derived. Time- varying parabolic density proflles assumed in this paper. calculated under difierent conditions using 2-D TE model a cylinder plasma. numerical results show that...

This paper reports on dielectric spectroscopy for microliter liquid samples using reference materials. In order to fully determine the calibration coefficients, air and water are used as known materials, while methanol is an unknown material, which also validate approach up 5 GHz data available. The method then 110 yeast cell suspensions beef protein solutions.

The intrusion prediction for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an unresolved problem. Hence, the current detection schemes cannot provide enough security WSNs, which poses a number of challenges in WSNs. In many mission-critical applications, such as battle field, even though systems (IDSs) without capability could detect malicious activities afterwards, damages to WSNs have been generated and hardly be restored. addition, nodes usually are resource constrained, limits direct adoption...

An improved line-reflect-reflect-match calibration with an enhanced load model is proposed. Different from models used by existing LRRM algorithms, the in proposed algorithm takes into account both parasitic capacitance and inductance. Using same standards as classical LRRM, can accurately determine parasitics raw measurements. Measurement results 0.5 GHz to 110 on a commercial impedance substrate show that outperforms gives multiline TRL quality on-wafer calibrations.

This paper investigates a unified theory to derive vector network analyzer calibration algorithms based on the T-matrix representation, by which means line-reflect-match (LRM), line-reflect-match-match (LRMM), and line-reflect-reflect-match (LRRM) calibrations are formulated. The proposed is more general than other versions of LRM, LRMM, LRRM in that an arbitrary known two-port device can be used as line standard L, rather perfect thru or transmission line. Experimental verifications using...

A multiline and multimaterial calibration method is proposed, which aimed at replacing state-of-the-art two-tier microwave techniques in liquid characterization process. The technique combines a general "line-line" trace an equivalent impedance algorithm, enables to use unknown materials loaded on various lengths of transmission lines the standards. validation measurements are performed coplanar waveguide structures due convenient fabrication easy integration with polymers. Measurement...

A simplified dielectric material characterization technique that combines an equivalent impedance algorithm and a general "line-line" trace method is introduced. The applicable to every type of transmission lines. Due the convenient fabrication allowance integration with various polymers, coplanar waveguide lines integrated SU-8 microfluidic channel primarily used in this study. conformal mapping method, efficient straightforward way, introduced build foundation optimize sensor design....