Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income the contributions of local expertise are devalued, still prevalent today in field palaeontology. In response to these unjust practices, such as Mexico Brazil adopted protective laws regulations during twentieth century preserve their palaeontological heritage. However, scientific colonialism is reflected many publications describing fossil specimens recovered countries. Here,...

Anhanguerids comprise an important clade of pterosaurs, mostly known from dozens three-dimensionally preserved specimens recovered the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (northeastern Brazil). They are remarkably diverse in this sedimentary unit, with eight named species, six them belonging to genus Anhanguera. However, such diversity is likely overestimated, as these species have been historically diagnosed based on subtle differences, mainly shape and position cranial crest. In spite...

Abstract Birds, dinosaurs, crocodilians, pterosaurs and their close relatives form the highly diverse clade Archosauriformes. Archosauriforms have a deep evolutionary history, originating in late Permian, prior to end-Permian mass extinction radiating Triassic dominate Mesozoic ecosystems. However, origins of this its extraordinarily successful body plan remain obscure. Here, we describe an exceptionally preserved fossil skull from Lower Brazil, representing new species, Teyujagua paradoxa ,...

Faxinalipterus minimus was originally described as a purported pterosaur from the Late Triassic (early Norian) Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil. Its holotype comprises fragmentary postcranial elements, whereas partial maxilla referred to species. The assignment Pterosauria has been questioned by some studies, but specimen never accessed in detail after its original description. Here we provide reassessment additional mechanical preparation holotype. Our interpretations on identity...

Aging is characterized by a functional decline in the physiological functions and organic systems, causing frailty, illness, death. Ferroptosis an iron- (Fe-) dependent regulated cell death, which has been implicated pathogenesis of several disorders, such as cardiovascular neurological diseases. The present study investigated behavioral oxidative stress parameters over aging Drosophila melanogaster that, together with augmented Fe levels, indicate occurrence ferroptosis. Our work...

Abstract Melanosomes (melanin-bearing organelles) are common in the fossil record occurring as dense packs of globular microbodies. The organic component comprising melanosome, melanin, is often preserved fossils, allowing identification chemical nature constituent pigment. In present-day vertebrates, melanosome morphology correlates with their pigment content selected melanin-containing structures, and this interdependency employed color reconstruction extinct animals. lack analyses...

A remarkably well-preserved, almost complete and articulated new specimen (GP/2E 9266) of Tupandactylus navigans is here described for the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation Brazil. The comprises an skeleton, preserving both skull post-cranium, associated with remarkable preservation soft tissues, which makes it most tapejarid known thus far. CT-Scanning was performed to allow assessment bones still covered by sediment. can be assigned Tupa . due its vertical supra-premaxillary bony process...

A new specimen of Tupandactylus imperator, comprising an incomplete skull with associated lower jaw, is described.The material the best preserved this species known so far and provides information on anatomy pterodactyloid pterosaur, especially respect to morphology first one formally described for species.Also, shows extensive preservation soft tissues such as soft-tissue component headcrest, ramphoteca premaxillae well probable pycnofibres.Aphylogenetic analysis was performed in order test...

Abstract The End‐Permian Mass Extinction marked a critical turning point in Earth's history, and the biological recovery that followed crisis led to emergence of several modern vertebrate invertebrate taxa. Even considering importance Early Triassic biotic for evolution faunas floras, our knowledge this event is still hindered by sparse sampling crucial geological formations. This leaves understanding ecosystems fundamentally biased toward productive historically well‐explored units. Recent...

Abstract Proterochampsids are a group of South American nonarchosaurian archosauromorphs whose general morphology has been historically likened to that the extant Crocodylia, which purportedly exhibited similar habits by convergence. Taxa from genus Proterochampsa , for example, show platyrostral skulls with dorsally faced orbits and external nares elongated snouts might indicate feeding habit crocodilians. Nonetheless, some aspects their craniomandibular anatomy distinct. comparatively...

Abstract The Triassic period stands as a crucial moment for understanding tetrapod evolution, marking the emergence and early diversification of numerous lineages that persist in today's ecosystems. Birds, crocodiles, testudines, lizards, mammals can all trace their origins to Triassic, which is distinguished by several adaptive radiation events fostered unparalleled diversity body plans lifestyles. Beyond this macroevolutionary significance, serves fertile ground scientific inquiry,...

After the Permo-Triassic mass extinction, archosauromorph fossil record is comparatively abundant and ecologically diverse. Among early archosauromorphs, tanystropheids gained considerable attention due to presence of extreme skeletal adaptations in response sometimes overspecialized lifestyles. The origin radiation Tanystropheidae, however, remains elusive. Here, a new Early Triassic described phylogenetically recovered as sister-taxon Tanystropheidae. specimen, considered genus species,...

Abstract Archosauriformes are a major group of fossil and living reptiles that include the crown Archosauria (birds, crocodilians their extinct relatives) closely related taxa. characterized by highly diagnostic skull architecture, which is linked to predatory habits early representatives, development extensive cranial pneumaticity associated with nasal capsule. The evolution archosauriform from more plesiomorphic configuration present ancestrally in broader clade Archosauromorpha was, until...

Tanystropheidae is a clade of early archosauromorphs with reported distribution ranging from the Early to Late Triassic Asia, Europe, and North America.Although some specimens possible tanystropheid affinities Lower beds Brazil have been previously attributed "Protorosauria", little known about record in Gondwana.Here, two new one specimen Sanga do Cabral Formation (Induan-Olenekian) are described interpreted as ?Tanystropheidae.These records, together other tetrapods for Formation, increase...

Abstract Procolophonoidea was the only parareptile clade to survive end‐Permian mass extinction, and they experienced a major adaptive radiation during Triassic. The flourishing of procolophonoid lineages in highly stressful post‐extinction environments may be, at least part, result their early adaptations herbivory, which would eventually become most common feeding strategy later representatives group. Although procolophonoids are comparatively diverse South African Lystrosaurus declivis...

A new and unusual specimen of a probable azhdarchoid pterosaur is described for the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Romualdo Formation Brazil. The consists palate that, although fragmentary, has unique morphology differing from all other known pterosaurs with preservation palatal elements. probably indicates presence yet undescribed pterodactyloid taxon brings information on diversity this sedimentary unity. Mainly due to rarity specimens preservation, structure been overlooked in clade. Here, we...

A new temnospondyl is described from the Middle-Upper Permian sequence of Paraná Basin (Rio do Rasto Formation) in southern Brazil.The material consists disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements, preserved association.The elements include part orbital region skull roof, basicranium, a number endocranial stapes right hemimandible.The vertebrae, ribs, pectoral girdle femur cluster scales.The species displays rhinesuchid pattern, which similar to South African rhinesuchids Upper Beaufort...

Abstract Dicynodontia is a major clade of terrestrial tetrapods that greatly diversified during the Permian and Triassic periods, reaching worldwide distribution. In this study, endocranial cavity Brazilian dicynodont Rastodon procurvidens described based on digital endocast obtained using imaging (X‐ray computed tomography) 3D modeling. It was possible to reconstruct brain, olfactory bulbs, inner ear, some neurovascular canals, cranial nerves, nasal cavity, maxillary recesses. The R....

Abstract The notarium is the structure formed by fusion of dorsal vertebrae which occurred independently in pterosaurs and birds. This ankylosis usually involves two to six elements many cases, also includes last cervical vertebra. Fusion can occur different degrees, uniting vertebral centra, neural spines, transverse processes, ventral or a combination these sites. A detailed assessment process pterosaur still lacking. Here we identify sequence notarial elements, demonstrating order...

Abstract Proterochampsidae are a group of predatory, putatively semi-aquatic, archosauriforms endemic to the Middle and Upper Triassic strata Argentina Brazil (Ischigualasto Formation Santa Maria Supersequence). Here, Brazilian species Proterochampsa nodosa from Candelária Sequence (Santa Supersequence Paraná Basin) is revisited with detailed description, phylogenetic analysis taxonomic revaluation. Through application computed tomographic scans, we were able reveal part previously hidden...