The A chilles tendon ( AT ) consists of fascicles that originate from the medial head gastrocnemius MG ), lateral LG and soleus muscle Sol ). These are reported to have a twisted structure. However, there is no consensus as degree torsion. purpose this study was investigate structure at level , elucidate morphological characteristics. Gross anatomical 60 J apanese cadavers (111 legs) used. originated were fused while twisting among themselves. There three classification types depending on...

Studies have reported that the load intensity of Resistance training is related to rating perceived exertion scale in healthy subjects. The aim our column was evaluate current evidence regarding relationship between and resistance training.

Abstract Findings on the twisting structure and insertional location of AT calcaneal tuberosity are inconsistent. Therefore, to obtain a better understanding mechanisms underlying Achilles tendinopathy, clarification anatomy insertion onto is important. The purpose this study was reveal twisted its using Japanese cadavers. conducted 132 legs from 74 cadavers (mean age at death, 78.3 ± 11.1 years; 87 sides men, 45 women). Only soleus (Sol) attached deep layer classified as least twist (Type...

Abstract Background: Investigating the kinematics of copers, who are individuals with no recurrent ankle sprains, is necessary to prevent development chronic instability (CAI). Since “giving way” joint (episodes excessive inversion rearfoot, which do not result in an acute lateral sprain) usually occurs during walking, investigating intra-foot coordination walking necessary. This study aims identify and its variability copers while walking. Methods: The included 12 13 CAIs, 10 controls....

Abstract Background: Repetitive loading during running is associated with the occurrence of injuries. Several previous studies have assessed plantar pressure before, during, and after running. However, difference in before 5 km has not been investigated. A 5-km distance can be easily achieved by novice recreational runners. There evidence that runners are more likely to suffer injuries from compared experienced This study aimed examine changes Methods: The participants were 10 healthy adult...

ABSTRACT Abnormal foot alignment such flatfoot is involved in running injuries. The mechanism by which susceptible to injuries has not yet been established. purpose of this study was classify kinematic coupling patterns hierarchical clustering, adding individuals with and motion the transverse plane injuries, identify factors that determine clusters classified. Twenty‐four young healthy adults were divided classified into normal flat groups 12 participants each, using posture index. task...

Background/Objective: Torque generated by shank angular acceleration (SAA) has been proposed as a potential risk factor for increased hamstring muscle loading during the swing phase of running cycle. However, direct evidence supporting this relationship remains unclear. Therefore, study aimed to examine between SAA and peak activation phase.Methods: Twenty recreational players (six females, fourteen males) were recruited perform minimum three treadmill sprints at maximum speed. Hamstring...

Females, as compared with males, have a higher proportion of injuries in the foot region. However, reason for this gender difference regarding remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate differences associated rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics during running. Twelve healthy males 12 females ran on treadmill. The running speed was set which changes from walking Three-dimensional were collected between females. Furthermore, spatiotemporal parameters (speed, cadence, step length)...

Although women reportedly have a higher prevalence of medial tibial stress syndrome ( MTSS ) than men, the possible role gender‐based anatomical differences has not been investigated. The aim present study was to investigate presence in range muscle attachments along entire tibia, proportion attachment at middle and distal thirds margin structure crural fascia, chiasm position. specimens were 100 legs 55 Japanese cadavers. Statistical analysis carried out using chi‐square test compare...

Abstract Background This study aimed to: (1) identify assessment methods that can detect greater ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) limitation in the injured limb; (2) determine whether differences weightbearing measurements exist even absence DROM limitations limb according to non-weightbearing measurements; and (3) examine associations between positions compare those a patient group with foot injuries healthy group. Methods Eighty-two patients (e.g., fractures, ligament tendon...

Abstract Background Women, as compared with men, have a higher proportion of injuries in the ankle/foot region. However, reason for this sex‐related difference foot remains unclear. Recently, joint coordination and variability been suggested to be critical index defining both state injury potential risk injury. The purpose study was investigate differences among joints during running. Methods Twelve healthy men 12 women ran on treadmill. A modified vector coding technique used identify...

Flatfoot is a common foot deformity, which could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome. Intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during walking have often been documented using multisegment models. However, the intrafoot remains unclear, despite possible relationship between and injuries. We aimed clarify rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot when in participants with normal flatfoot. Participants (n = 14) were asked runover-ground at their preferred speed. Three-dimensional...

Examining coordination between segments is essential for prevention and treatment of injuries. However, traditional methods such as ratio, cross-correlation technique, angle-time plot may not provide a complete understanding intersegmental coordination. The present study aimed to quantify the among rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot during walking.Twenty healthy young men walked barefoot on treadmill. Reflective markers were fixed their right shank foot based Leardini model. Three-dimensional joint...

Because previous studies have suggested that there is a relationship between injury risk and inter-segment coordination, quantifying coordination the segments essential. Even though midfoot forefoot play important roles in dynamic tasks, mostly focused on shank rearfoot segments. This study aimed to quantify among rearfoot, midfoot, during running. Eleven healthy young men ran treadmill. The coupling angle, representing was calculated using modified vector coding technique. angle categorised...

Abstract Background Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is one of the most common causes exercise‐related leg pain in runners. Because stopping training due to from MTSS could decrease athlete's competitiveness, it necessary construct prevention and treatment programs. However, effect running, which believed cause MTSS, on shear elastic modulus posterior lower unclear. Therefore, purpose this study was investigate 30 min running healthy subjects. Methods Twenty males volunteered participate...

Abstract Background In the present study, CFLs harvested from cadavers were categorized according to differences in angle of CFL with respect long axis fibula and their shape, then three‐dimensional reconstructions used simulate examine angles how they affect function. Methods The study sample included 81 ft 43 Japanese cadavers. number fiber bundles. Five categories subsequently established: CFL20° (angle 20° 29°); CFL30° (range 30–39°); CFL40° 40–49°); CFL50° 50–59°); CFL2 (CLFs two...

Background: Understanding the concept of kinematic coupling is essential when selecting appropriate therapeutic strategy and grasping mechanisms for occurrence injuries. A previous study reported that between rearfoot shank during running walking were different. However, because foot mobility involves not only but also midfoot or forefoot, likely to occur among rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot segments. We investigated changes in segments walking. Methods: Ten healthy young men instructed run...