In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the sensor kinases DosT and DosS activate transcriptional regulator DosR, resulting in induction of DosR regulon, which is important for anaerobic survival perhaps latent infection. The individual collective roles these sensors have been postulated biochemically, but their vivo remained unclear. This work demonstrates distinct additive each during dormancy. Both are necessary wild-type levels regulon induction, concomitantly, full required survival. model,...

Overuse of antibiotics is a major problem in the treatment bovine mastitis, and antibiotic frequently non-curative, thus alternative treatments are necessary. The primary aim this study was to evaluate efficacy purified phage cocktail for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis well-defined mouse model. Candidate phages were selected based on their vitro performance subsequently processed into an optimally composed cocktail. highest scoring further tested resistance suppression broth raw milk, with...

The role of gut microbiomes as important regulators mammalian health is increasingly recognized, although feline and canine remain poorly characterized. In this proof-of-concept study, we assessed the utility a direct-to-consumer approach to executing pet microbiome studies. We characterized 238 pets (46 cats 192 dogs) by generating ~11 million merged reads that were mapped V4 region 16S ribosomal RNA gene at sequencing depth 45,806 (±22,325) per sample. Analyses these revealed both are...

Abstract Background Diet has a large influence on gut microbiota diversity and function. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of dietary interventions microbiome, longitudinal changes in microbial functions, metabolite profiles post been underexplored. How long these outcomes require to reach steady-state, how they relate one another, their impact host physiological are largely unknown. To address unknowns, we collected fecal samples following an abrupt change healthy adult...

The DosR regulon in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is involved respiration-limiting conditions, its induction controlled by two histidine kinases, DosS and DosT, recent experimental evidence indicates senses either molecular oxygen or a redox change. Under aerobic of the DosS, but not was observed after addition ascorbate, powerful cytochrome c reductant, demonstrating that responds to signal even presence high tension. During hypoxic attenuated treatment with compounds occluded electron flow...

Antibiotics target specific biosynthetic processes essential for bacterial growth. It is intriguing that several commonalities connect the bactericidal activity of seemingly disparate antibiotics, such as numerous conditions confer broad-spectrum antibiotic tolerance. Whether antibiotics kill in a manner unique to their targets or by universal mechanism critical and contested subject. Herein, we demonstrate diverse against Mycobacterium smegmatis four evolutionarily divergent pathogens was...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that affects one-third world's population. The sole extant vaccine for live attenuated bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). We examined 13 representative BCG strains from around world to ascertain their ability express DosR-regulated dormancy antigens. These are known be recognized by T cells M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, especially those harboring latent infections. Differences in expression these antigens...

Abstract Background Probiotics have been demonstrated to ameliorate clinical signs of gastrointestinal diseases in dogs various studies. However, the effect probiotics a healthy population, as well factors contributing individualized responses, remain largely unknown. This trial examined gut microbiota (GM) and health outcomes household after synbiotic (SN) supplementation containing inulin (a prebiotic). Healthy were randomized receive SN (50 mg/d 20 billion total CFU/d L. reuteri , P....

Abstract Commercial fresh cooked foods have started gaining popularity among American dog owners in recent years. However, nutrient digestibility and the estimation of metabolizable energy (ME) commercial remain inadequately understood, even though both measures are critical to provide intended calories for target animal. In this preliminary study, different cohorts normal-weight dogs were fed one five test diets comparable macronutrient composition: a chicken-based extruded dry kibble diet...

Pruritic dermatitis (PD) is a common presentation of canine allergic skin diseases, with diversity in severity and treatment response due to complex etiopathogenesis. Evidence suggests the gut microbiota (GM) may contribute development allergies. A 10-week double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluated novel probiotic nutraceutical blend (PNB) on clinical signs allergy, health measures, GM privately owned self-reported pruritic dogs. total 105 dogs were enrolled, 62 included pruritus...

Cats are strict carnivores but possess a complex gastrointestinal (GI) microbial community that actively ferments dietary substrates not digested and reach the colon. The GI microbiota responses to inclusion of resistant starches versus fibers have been tested in cats. Thus, our objective was evaluate effects diets enriched starch or on fecal characteristics, microbiome, metabolite profiles Twelve healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (age = 9.6 ± 4.0 year; body weight 3.9 1.0 kg) were used...

The gut microbiota (GM) is associated with canine health and can be impacted by diet. Dog owners in the U.S. have increasingly shown an interest feeding their dogs a mildly cooked (MC) However, its impact on GM remains largely unknown.Healthy household were tracked upon switching from various brands of extruded to MC diets for four weeks. A assessment was completed stool samples collected each owner before (day 0) after diet transition 28). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing performed at both...

Abstract Background Overweightness and obesity in dogs are associated with negative health outcomes. A better understanding of risk factors canine weight is fundamental to identifying preventative interventions treatments. In this cross-sectional study, we used a direct consumer approach collect body condition scores (BCS), as well demographic, diet, lifestyle data on 4,446 dogs. BCS was assessed by owners using 9-point system categorized ideal (BCS 4-5), overweight 6), obese 7+). Following...

ABSTRACT We report here the genome sequences and morphological characterizations of phages p000v p000y, which infect bacterial pathogen Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 are potential candidates for phage therapy against such pathogens.

Abstract Background Overweightness and obesity in dogs are associated with negative health outcomes. A better understanding of risk factors canine weight is fundamental to identifying preventative interventions treatments. In this cross-sectional study, we used a direct consumer approach collect body condition scores (BCS), as well demographic, diet, lifestyle data on 4,446 dogs. BCS was assessed by owners using 9-point system categorized ideal (BCS 4-5), overweight 6), obese 7+). Following...

Dogs share similar gut microbiome (GM) with humans, making them a great model for investigating the effects of probiotics (PR) on GM and health. This randomized control trial examined changes in MB health outcomes household dogs after PR supplementation. All recruited were fed human grade cooked food ≥ 1 mo, not any cultured food, PR, prebiotics, or antibiotics 3 absent major diseases. to receive daily dose (20 billion CFU L. reuteri, P. acidilactici, E. faecium, acidophilus, B. animalis,...

Abstract Most canine microbiome trials are conducted in a controlled environment, with an unverified assumption that identical findings can be extrapolated to household dogs. In this study, the fecal of healthy beagles living or environments was characterized shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared. Beagles were recruited from U.S. households (Pet, n = 54), private kennel (Kennel, 39), University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, 34). Dogs fed diet (fresh chicken, non-extruded cooked)...

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> Few studies delve into the gut microbiome of domestic cats, and many feline-specific are hampered by small sample population sizes. We investigated fecal as a proxy for within large shelter cat (n=288) in Raleigh, NC, USA from February to July 2021. Single stool samples were collected cats various age groups that lived one four rooms (adoption, n=117; feral, n=113; quarantine, n=37; isolation, n=20; no room, n=1) at during sampling period. The...

Abstract Background: Probiotics ameliorate gastrointestinal symptoms in dogs. However, the effect of probiotics a healthy population, as well factors contributing individualized responses, remains largely unknown. This trial examined gut microbiota (GM) and health outcomes household dogs after synbiotic (SN) supplementation containing inulin. Healthy were randomized to receive SN (50 mg/d inulin 20 billion total CFU/d L. reuteri, P. acidilactici, E. faecium, acidophilus, B. animalis,...

Abstract Background Overweightness and obesity in dogs are associated with negative health outcomes. A better understanding of risk factors canine weight is fundamental to identifying preventative interventions treatments. In this cross-sectional study, we used a direct consumer approach collect body condition scores (BCS), as well demographic, diet, lifestyle data on 4,446 dogs. BCS was assessed by owners using 9-point system categorized ideal (BCS 4-5), overweight 6), obese 7+). Following...

Abstract Background : Overweightness and obesity in dogs are associated with negative health outcomes. A better understanding of risk factors canine weight is fundamental to identifying preventative interventions treatments. In this cross-sectional study, we used a direct consumer approach collect body condition scores (BCS), as well demographic, diet, lifestyle data on 4,446 dogs. BCS was assessed by owners using 9-point system categorized ideal (BCS 4-5), overweight 6), obese 7+)....