This study examined cross-cultural differences and similarities in children's moral understanding of individual- or collective-oriented lies truths. Seven-, 9-, 11-year-old Canadian Chinese children were read stories about story characters facing dilemmas whether to lie tell the truth help a group but harm an individual vice versa. Participants chose as if they character (Experiments 1 2) categorized evaluated characters' truthful untruthful statements 3 4). Most both cultures labeled truths...

The present study examined the developmental origin of 'blue lies', a pervasive form lying in adult world that is told purportedly to benefit collective. Seven, 9-, and 11-year-old Chinese children were surreptitiously placed real-life situation where they decided whether lie conceal their group's cheating behavior. Children also assessed terms willingness hypothetical situations endorse or truth-telling benefits collective but at same time harms an individual. Results showed as age...

Although there has been extensive research on children’s moral knowledge about lying and truth‐telling their actual lie‐ or behaviors, to examine the relation between these two is extremely rare. This study examined one hundred twenty 7‐, 9‐, 11‐year‐olds’ understanding of lies behaviors in a politeness situation. Results revealed that as age increased, children increasingly evaluated others’ situations less negatively were more inclined tell such themselves. Contrary previous findings,...

Theory of mind (ToM) has long been recognized to play a major role in children’s social functioning. However, no direct evidence confirms the causal linkage between two. In current study, we addressed this significant gap by examining whether ToM causes emergence lying, an important skill. We showed that after participating training learn about mental-state concepts, 3-year-olds who originally had unable lie began deceive consistently. This effect lasted for more than month. contrast,...

Abstract The present study examined whether having a positive reputation to maintain makes young children less likely cheat. Cheating was assessed through temptation resistance paradigm in which participants were instructed not cheat guessing game. Across three studies (total N = 361), preschool‐aged randomly assigned either condition, an experimenter told them that she had learned of their from classmates, or control condition they received no such information. By age 5, the cheated often...

It is well established that individuals show an other-race effect (ORE) in face recognition: they recognize own-race faces better than faces. The present study tested the hypothesis would also scan own- and differently. We asked Chinese participants to remember Caucasian we their memory of over five testing blocks. participants' eye movements were recorded with use tracker. data analyzed Area Interest approach using key AOIs a (eyes, nose, mouth). Also, used iMap toolbox analyze raw fixation...

Two studies with preschool-age children examined the effectiveness of perceptual individuation training at reducing racial bias (Study 1, N = 32; Study 2, 56). We found that to individuate other-race faces resulted in a reduction implicit while mere exposure produced no such effect. also showed neither nor reduced explicit bias. Theoretically, our findings provide strong evidence for causal link between individual-level face processing and bias, are consistent newly proposed...

This research used an Implicit Racial Bias Test to investigate implicit racial biases among 3‐ 5‐year‐olds and adult participants in China ( N = 213) Cameroon 257). In both cultures, displayed high levels of that remained stable between 3 5 years age. Unlike adults, young children's were unaffected by the social status other‐race groups. Also, unlike children overt explicit biases, these dissociated from their biases. The results provide strong evidence for early emergence point need reduce...

Abstract The present study examined whether perceptual individuation training with other‐race faces could reduce preschool children's implicit racial bias. We used an ‘angry = outgroup’ paradigm to measure Chinese bias against African individuals before and after training. In Experiment 1, children between 4 6 years were presented angry or happy racially ambiguous that morphed faces. Initially, demonstrated bias: they categorized as own‐race (Chinese) (African). Then, the participated in a...

This study explored the effects of collectivism on lying to conceal a group transgression. Seven-, 9-, and 11-year-old US Chinese children (N = 374) were asked evaluate stories in which protagonists either lied or told truth about their group's transgression then protagonist's motivations justification for own evaluations. Previous research suggests that collectivist societies such as China find one's be more acceptable than do from individualistic United States. The current provides...

Recent research indicates that moral judgment and 1st-order theory of mind abilities are related. What is not known, however, how 2nd-order related to judgment. In the present study, we extended previous findings by administering a morally relevant task (an accidental transgressor) 4- 7-year-old Chinese children (N = 79) analyzing connections with understanding. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, found above beyond age, children's each significantly uniquely contributed...

The practice of lying to one's children encourage behavioral compliance was investigated among parents in the US (N = 114) and China 85). vast majority (84% 98% China) reported having lied their for this purpose. Within each country, most frequently took form falsely threatening leave a child alone public if he or she refused follow parent. Crosscultural differences were seen: A larger proportion that they employed instrumental lie-telling promote compliance, approved practice, as compared...

This study tracked the long‐term effect of perceptual individuation training on reducing 5‐year‐old Chinese children's ( N = 95, M age 5.64 years) implicit pro‐Asian/anti‐Black racial bias. Initial to individuate other‐race Black faces, followed by supplementary occurring 1 week later, resulted in a reduction bias (70 days). In contrast, children recognize White or Asian faces had no Theoretically, finding that can have preschoolers suggests developmentally early causal linkage between and...

The effective management of one's reputation is an important social skill, but little known about how it develops. This study seeks to bridge the gap by examining children communicate their own good deeds, among 7‐ 11‐year‐olds in both China and Canada (total N = 378). Participants cleaned a teacher's messy office her absence, responses were observed when teacher returned. Only Chinese showed age‐related increase modesty choosing falsely deny deeds. modest behavior was uniquely predicted...

ABSTRACT Addressing racial bias in early childhood is crucial for fostering inclusivity and reducing social inequalities. This study examined the effectiveness of individuation training among Canadian preschool‐aged children explored how interracial contact might influence changes children's implicit anti‐Black bias. A total 113 preschool‐age (60 females, M age = 5.31 years) were trained to individuate Black or White faces. Results showed a significant reduction following training, whereas...

This study examined cross-cultural differences in Chinese and Canadian adults’ concepts moral evaluations of lying truth-telling about prosocial antisocial behaviors. Although adults categorized lies concealing one’s deeds as lies, their counterparts did not. Also, rated deception such situations positively while rating the same negatively. These appear to reflect differential emphases on virtue modesty two cultures.