In this paper, ionic liquid treatment was applied to produce nanometric cellulose particles of two polymorphic forms. A complex characterization nanofillers including wide-angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and particle size determination performed. The evaluated effective in terms nanocrystalline production, leaving chemical supermolecular structure the materials intact. However, II found be more prone hydrolysis leading formation larger amount small particles....

Abstract Effects of alkalization, esterification, and γ‐irradiation wood on the transcrystalline morphology wood/polypropylene composites were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, hot stage optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy. The occurrence transcrystallization in wood‐polypropylene is strongly dependent type chemical modification lignocellulosic materials. A detailed analysis results obtained proved that influenced by conditions mercerization process kind anhydrides....

Cellulose nanocrystals were prepared using ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [EMIM][Cl] and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium [PMIM][Cl], from microcrystalline cellulose. The resultant samples characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM). XRD results showed that nanocellulose obtained treatment with both ILs preserved basic cellulose I...

In the last few years, scientific community around world has devoted a lot of attention to search for best methods obtaining nanocellulose. this work, nanocellulose was obtained in enzymatic reactions with strictly defined dispersion and structural parameters order use it as filler polymers. The controlled hydrolysis polysaccharide carried out presence cellulolytic enzymes from microscopic fungi—Trichoderma reesei Aspergillus sp. It been shown that efficiency bioconversion cellulose material...

Abstract Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metallic materials that characterized by their ability to restore original shape after large deformation when activated heating. This unique property renders SMAs appealing for various civil engineering applications. Iron-based (Fe-SMAs), including like Fe–Mn–Si, stand out due cost-effectiveness and high strength. The primary focus of this research lies in the computational modeling Fe-SMA strips utilized reinforce damaged concrete structures. To...

Phosphonium ionic liquids (IL), i.e., trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate 104), and tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium 167), were used as ion carriers in CTA or PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIM). Up to now, the morphology structure of PIMs with phosphonium ILs have not been characterized detail. Thus, following techniques proposed this paper—contact angle measurements, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, AFM, SEM—to analyze influence PIM on...

Nanocellulose has gained increasing attention during the past decade, which is related to its unique properties and wide application. In this paper, nanocellulose samples were produced via hydrolysis with ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate (EmimOAc) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl)) from microcrystalline celluloses (Avicel Whatman) subjected enzymatic pretreatment. The obtained material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray...

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are an excellent example of materials that, thanks to the possibility using recycled raw materials, directly fit into circular economy. The properties and quality depend largely on appropriate selection proportions components. These studies included produced basis HDPE-recycled matrix filled with sawdust or bark particles in amounts 40%, 50%, 60%. Their structural features were analyzed for composites. It was shown that a smaller share filler ensures its more...

Epoxy resin composites with the addition of 20–50 wt% ash from municipal waste incineration were obtained. The curing kinetics (DSC) was determined, and activation energy calculated using Kissinger Ozawa method. In addition, flexural properties, impact strength, as well structure (XRD, optical microscopy) investigated. Brittles increased increasing filler content. also affected cross-linking reaction. A change in energy, degree conversion time observed.

In this paper, amorphous silica Syloid 244 and kraft lignin were mechanically coupled. Four hybrid materials containing in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 5:1 20:1 prepared. As reference samples for fillers pristine used. Particle size determination microscopic observations applied to determine dispersive morphological properties of fillers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the effective preparation silica/lignin materials. The parameters porous structure examined filler determined using...

In this paper three newly synthesized imidazolium ionic liquids with different structures of cations were used for hydrolysis cellulose. It was found that type the cation has a great influence on particle size and dispersity produced cellulosic materials. The use an liquid aliphatic substituent resulted in filler characterized wide range some particles larger than 2 µm. Introduction methyl group into ring responsible production below 350 nm. Such obtained also during cellulose containing...

In the last decade, an increasingly common method of maize stover management is to use it for energy generation, including anaerobic digestion biogas production. Therefore, aim this study was provide a chemical and structural characterization fractions and, based on these parameters, evaluate potential application fractions, study, cobs, husks, leaves stalks, were used. The biomass samples characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis elemental composition. Among...

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical properties of chitosan/nanocellulose composites. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering was applied to define supermolecular structure materials, laser diffracting technique used characterize particle sizes, and scanning electron microscopy evaluate morphologies samples. The tensile composite films were also determined. Cellulose pulp mercerized with 16% sodium hydroxide give only cellulose II. I II subsequently hydrolyzed 64% sulfuric acid. As a...

The main aim of the study was to evaluate thermo-oxidative stability and flammability wood/polypropylene composites. composites were obtained by extrusion compression moulding with chemical modification wood in order improve adhesion. characterised differential scanning calorimetry cone calorimetry, providing such parameters as oxidation induction time a few describing flammability, e.g. ignition, heat release rate, mass loss combustion, specific extinction area emission toxic gases. results...

Results of the hitherto research work on alkalisation lignocellulosic materials have been much divergent. In view above, subject this study is mercerization cellulose from pine wood. This choice permitted observation transformation I to II with no participation other components materials. According X-ray results, during isolated was easily (completely) transformed into variety, while wood converted more slowly polymorphs. Therefore, it could be concluded that presence lignin and...