In this article, a novel optimization algorithm is implemented to estimate the design variables of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The main objective get minimum sum squared errors (SSE), which defined as difference between measured and calculated data. newly developed known Enhanced Bald Eagle Search (EBES) Optimization Algorithm. To verify proposed algorithm, three tested cases are introduced: BCS 500 W, 250 Horizon H-12 stacks. study impact pressure temperature variation on studied...

(E)-1-((((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol, ligand was synthesized by condensation of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanamine, with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. The and the metal complexes were characterized various spectroscopic techniques. Interpretation spectra confirmed that adopted either a neutral tridentate or monobasic mode, bonded to ions through nitrogen atom heterocyclic benzimidazole, azomethine deprotonated phenolic oxygen forming square planer geometry....

Abstract The optical property of TiO 2 plays an important role in its various and promising photocatalytic applications. Previous efforts improving properties include doping with metal and/or non‐metal elements, coupling other colorful semiconductors or molecules, hydrogenating to crystalline/disordered core/shell nanostructures. Here, we report a beautiful green achieved by forming the charge‐transfer complex colorless hydrazine groups surface Ti 4+ , which extends absorption into near...

For the precise simulation performance, accuracy of fuel cell modeling is important. Therefore, this paper presents a developed optimization method called Chaos Game Optimization Algorithm (CGO). The provides ability to accurately model proton exchange membrane (PEMFC). tested by comparing results with practical measurements several standard PEMFCs such as Ballard Mark V, AVISTA SR-12.5 kW, and 6 kW Nedstack PS6 stacks. complexity studied problem stems from nonlinearity PEMFC polarization...

Benzophenone derivatives were evaluated as new photoinitiators in combination with triethylamine (TEA) and iodonium salt (Iod) for very rapid efficient formation of metal nanoparticles an organic solvent, by which silver gold ions reduced under light at 419 nm (photoreactor) irradiation intensity 250 microwatts/cm2. The benzophenone combined TEA/Iod showed good production (Au0 Ag0) a small size around 4-13 nm. photochemical mechanisms the initiating radicals studied using cyclic voltammetry,...

The copper II complex's novel benzimidazole Schiff base ligands were manufactured and gauged as a new photoredox catalyst/photoinitiator amalgamated with triethylamine (TEA) iodonium salt (Iod) for the polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate while exposed to visible light by an LED Lamp at 405 nm intensity 543 mW/cm2 28 °C. Gold silver nanoparticles obtained through reactivity complexes amine/Iod salt. size NPs was around 1-30 nm. Lastly, high performance photopolymerization containing...

In this study, we developed highly efficient nonwoven membranes by modifying the surface of polypropylene (PP) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) through photo-grafting polymerization. The membrane surfaces PP PBT were grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in presence benzophenone (BP) metal salt. We immobilized tertiary amine groups as BP synergists on commercial to improve surfaces. situ Ag, Au, Au/Ag nanoparticle formation enhances surface. SEM, FTIR, EDX used analyze...

4-Nitroaniline (PNA) is a toxic organic compound commonly found in wastewater, posing significant environmental concerns due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. In this study, the recovery of PNA from aqueous solutions was investigated using supported liquid membrane (SLM). The membrane, which consists polypropylene Celgard 2500 (PP-Celg), embedded with extractant tributyl phosphate (TBP). Various factors influencing efficiency transportation were studied, including concentration...

This paper explores the photochemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold (Au) and silver (Ag) using a one-component photoinitiator system. The process involves visible light irradiation at wavelength 419 nm an intensity 250 mW/cm2. radical-generating capabilities photoinitiators were evaluated electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. main objective this study was to investigate how concentration salts influences size distribution nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms...

It is hypothesized that L-arginine (ARG) can improve etoposide (VP-16) water solubility while preserving its anticancer activity. Factorial design used to identify conditions for optimum drug aqueous after freeze-drying. The physicochemical properties of the optimized formulation further analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug stability in using mass spectrometry based...

This study presents the synthesis of Cd0.5Zn0.5Fe2−xCrxO4 nanoparticles via sol–gel method, along with a comprehensive characterization their morphological, structural, infrared, and magnetic properties. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms formation spinel structure, cation distribution is estimated using analysis confirmed by magnetization measurements. crystalline size, ranging from 152 to 189 nm, lattice parameter, varying 8.51134 Å 8.42067 Å, decrease increasing Cr content. saturation...

This study developed and validated a solution-state quantitative boron nuclear magnetic resonance (11B qNMR) method for the real-time quantification of containing bioactive agents with emerging therapeutic applications. Hence, this may offer an alternative analytic to estimate drug potency, purity, stability, or in vitro release kinetics boron-containing pharmaceutical formulations/compounds, especially cases where dialysis is typically required but limited. The 11B qNMR was linear range...