We present herein a review article of the latest developments biorational approaches in pest management appeared literature from 1997 to date. The proposed advantages biopesticides including their specificity, safety non-target organisms, particularly mammals, and utilization low, sometimes minute, amounts have led an intensive research program by public private institutions resulting avalanche reports attempts discover develop newer safer pesticides, past three decades. This is divided into...

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is regarded as the most harmful pest insect for trees worldwide. In order to control populations and mitigate damage economic losses they produce, development of novel strategies within an integrated management scope has become a major concern. Here we show that 24-h pre-exposure male-specific γ-hexalactone significantly reduces oviposition on artificial substrate. number eggs per female laid by those females pre-exposed 1...

Degradation of solid polymers in the aquatic environment encompasses a variety biotic and abiotic processes giving rise to heterogeneous patterns across surface material, which cannot be investigated using conventional Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) that only renders an "average" picture sample. In context, MALDI-TOF MS Imaging (MALDI MSI) provides rapid efficient tool study 2D spatial changes occurred chemical composition polymer...

Background In the course of evolution butterflies and moths developed two different reproductive behaviors. Whereas rely on visual stimuli for mate location, use 'female calling plus male seduction' system, in which females release long-range sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. There are few exceptions from this pattern but all cases known female possess pheromone glands apparently have been lost butterflies. day-flying moth family Castniidae ("butterfly-moths"), includes some...

Significance The best known relationship between ants and aphids consists in providing with honeydew while receiving hygienic services protection return. We report an unprecedented aphid–ant interaction which one of the two clonally produced root-dwelling morphs aphid Paracletus cimiciformis imitates cuticular hydrocarbons Tetramorium ant larvae, inducing to transport their brood chamber, where they suck on larva hemolymph. To our knowledge, this strategy constitutes first case aggressive...

Abstract Toxic oil syndrome (TOS) is a disease that appeared in Spain 1981. It affected more than 20 000 people and produced over 300 deaths the first 2 years. In this paper, prospective study on differences gene expression sera between control versus TOS‐affected population, both originally exposed to toxic oil, presented. Differential protein was analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE). Several problems related with serum analysis 2‐DE were addressed order improve detection gel...

Abstract Most insect pheromones comprise multicomponent blends of geometric or optical isomers, and one major question is how insects produce species‐specific ratios components for successful reproductive isolation. Key enzymes suggested to be involved in pheromone biosynthesis are acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase fatty acyl synthetase, chain‐shortening enzymes, desaturases, elongases, reductases, oxidases, alcohol acetyl transferases. The female composition the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera...

Abstract Butterflies and moths are subject to different evolutionary pressures that affect several aspects of their behaviour physiology, particularly sexual communication. day-flying insects (excluding hedylids) whose partner-finding strategy is mainly based on visual cues female butterflies having apparently lost the typical sex pheromone glands. Moths, in contrast, mostly night-flyers use female-released long-range pheromones for partner-finding. However, some moth families exclusively...

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is one of the major pests and other Solanaceae in many regions worldwide. In search for new strategies to control this pest, we present herewith stereoselective synthesis, electrophysiological activity, functional analysis, field tests chemicals as possible antagonists sex pheromone leafminer. are methyl ketone (MK) trifluoromethyl (TFMK) structural analogues both components pheromone. Most exerted per se some activity inhibited electroantennographic...

Trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs) and analogues affect pheromone detection behaviour in male moths. 3-Octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP), one of the most effective antiesterase agents, decreased EAG amplitude increased repolarization time Spodoptera littoralis. It also modified responses Mamestra brassicae Heliothis zea to their pheromones analogues, containing an acetate, alcohol or aldehyde function. In addition, OTFP reduced response linalool, a monoterpenic alcohol, but not its...

The flathead oak borer Coroebus undatus F. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is one of the primary pests cork Quercus suber L. in Mediterranean region causing great economic losses to industry. Very little known about its biology and behavior and, so far, no control measures have been established. We present results a pilot study aimed develop an efficient trapping method for monitoring this harmful pest. In 3-year field study, purple-colored prism traps baited with mixture green leaf volatiles...

Recent studies, both in laboratory and sea conditions, have demonstrated damage after sound exposure the cephalopod statocyst sensory epithelium, which secretes endolymph protein. Here, proteomic analysis of was performed before to assess effects low intensity, frequency sounds on Mediterranean common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), determining changes protein composition immediately 24 h exposure. Significant differences expression were observed, especially A total 37 spots significantly...

Single-cell electrophysiological recordings were obtained from olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in sensilla trichodea on male antennae of hybrids formed mainly by crossing female <i>Heliothis subflexa</i> with virescens</i> (‘SV hybrids’). We recorded the A-, B-, and C-type trichodea, latter two types housing ORNs exhibiting response profiles to different pheromone components that we had previously found be characteristic for each species. For both B- SV hybrid sensilla,...

Summary Male Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) flying in a pheromone plume respond to the loss of when they fly into large pocket clean air by going crosswind casting flight mean 0.48 s; 0.62 s after re‐contacting presented as single pulse, surge upwind kind narrow zigzagging flight. After 0.36 surging, lapse once again following pulse. The addition known behavioural antagonist ( Z )‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11–16:Ac), significantly increases latency response pulse 0.85 s. No...