Gambierdiscus species are the producers of marine toxins ciguatoxins and maitotoxins which cause worldwide human intoxications recognized as Ciguatera Fish Poisoning. A deep chemical investigation a cultured strain G. belizeanus, collected in Caribbean Sea, led to identification structural homologue recently described gambierone isolated from same strain. The structure was elucidated mainly by comparison NMR MS data with those ascertained 2D analyses. Gratifyingly, close inspection new...

Seafood represents a significant part of the human staple diet. In recent years, identification emerging lipophilic marine toxins has increased, leading to potential for consumers be intoxicated by these toxins. present work, we investigate presence (both regulated and emerging) in commercial seafood products from non-European locations, including mussels Mytilus chilensis Chile, clams Tawerea gayi Metetrix lyrate Southeast Pacific Vietnam, food supplements based on formulations Perna...

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins. Initially TTX was associated with human food intoxications in Japan, but nowadays, concerns about health risks posed by have increased Europe after identification toxin fish, marine gastropods, and bivalves captured European waters. Even when monitoring not currently performed Europe, an acute oral no observable effect level (NOAEL) 75 μg/kg has been recently established but, to date, studies evaluating chronic...

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent natural toxin causative of human food intoxications that shares its mechanism action with the paralytic shellfish saxitoxin (STX). Both toxins act as blockers voltage-gated sodium channels. Although by TTX were initially described in Japan, nowadays increasing concern about regulation this Europe has emerged due to detection fish and mollusks captured European waters. Currently, only regularly monitored Dutch fishery products. However, Food Safety Authority...

Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine toxins produced by dinoflagellates belonging to the genera Azadinium and Amphidoma that caused human intoxications after consumption of contaminated fishery products, such as mussels. However, exact mechanism for AZA induced cytotoxic neurotoxic effects is still unknown. In this study several pharmacological approaches were employed evaluate role anion channels on demonstrated cellular dysregulation was involved in toxic these compounds. The results presented...

Palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most poisonous substances known to date and considered as an emergent toxin in Europe. binds Na+-K+ ATPase, converting enzyme a permeant cation channel. This for causing human fatal intoxications associated with consumption contaminated fish crustaceans such crabs, groupers, mackerel, parrotfish. Human by PLTX after fishery products are serious health issue can be fatal. Different reports have previously explored acute oral toxicity mice. Although presence...

The consumption of contaminated shellfish with okadaic acid (OA) group toxins leads to diarrhoeic poisoning (DSP) characterized by a set symptoms including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. These phycotoxins are Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors, which produce hyperphosphorylation in cellular proteins. However, this inhibition does not fully explain the symptomatology reported other targets could be relevant toxicity. Previous studies have indicated feasible involvement nervous system. We...

Ciguatoxins are polyether marine toxins that act as sodium channel activators. These cause ciguatera, one of the most widespread nonbacterial forms food poisoning, which presents several symptoms in humans including long-term neurological alterations. Earlier work has shown both acute and chronic exposure primary cortical neurons to synthetic ciguatoxin CTX3C have profound impacts on neuronal function. Thus, present aimed identify relevant genes metabolic pathways could be altered by...

Azaspiracid toxins were first identified at the end of last century in Irish mussels, and during two decades considerable cytotoxic neurotoxic effects caused by these have been described. Azaspiracids are synthesized dinoflagellates accumulate several species filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, thereby incorporating into food chain causing human intoxications. Among cellular azaspiracids, inhibition spikes neurons hyperpolarization neuronal membrane potential reported; however, underlying...

Spirolides (SPX) are marine toxins, produced by dinoflagellates that act as potent antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds not toxic for humans, and since there no reports human intoxications caused this group toxins they yet currently regulated in Europe. Currently 13-desmethyl spirolide C, 13,19-didesmethyl 20-methyl G commercially available reference materials. Previous work our laboratory has demonstrated after 4 days treatment primary mice cortical neurons with...

Maitotoxins (MTX) are among the most potent marine toxins identified to date causing cell death trough massive calcium influx. However, exact mechanism for MTX-induced entry and cytotoxicity is still unknown. In this work, effect of MTX-1 on cytosolic free concentration cellular viability human neuronal stem cells was evaluated. MTX elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in which already evident after 1 h treatment with 0.25 nM MTX; however, at 0.1 nM, toxin did not cause even 14 days...

Ciguatoxins are marine compounds that share a ladder-shaped polyether structure produced by dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa, include maitotoxins (MTX1 MTX3), ciguatoxins (CTX3C) analogues (gambierone), components one most frequent human foodborne illness diseases known as ciguatera fish poisoning. This disease was previously found primarily in tropical subtropical areas but nowadays, producers had spread to European coasts. One decade ago, Food Safety Authority has...

Event Abstract Back to EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC CIGUATOXIN CTX3C AND GAMBIERONE IN NEURONAL CELLS Andrea Boente-Juncal1, Carmen Vale1, Amparo Alfonso1, Masahiro Hirama2, Shuji Yamashita2, Mercedes Camiña3, M. Vieytes3 and Luis Botana1* 1 Departamento Farmacología,Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Facultad Veterinaria Lugo, Universidad Santiago de Compostela, Spain 2 Department of Chemistry, Graduate School Science, Tohoku University, Japan 3 Fisiología, Veterinaria, Ciguatera food poisoning...

Event Abstract Back to COMPARISON OF THE IN VIVO AND VITRO ACUTE TOXICITY PALYTOXIN Andrea Boente-Juncal1, Carmen Vale1, Mercedes Camiña2, Vieytes2, Manuel Cifuentes3, Amparo Alfonso1 and Luis M. Botana1* 1 Departamento Farmacología,Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica. Facultad Veterinaria Lugo, Universidad Santiago de Compostela, Spain 2 Fisiología, Veterinaria, 3 Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Veterinaria,Universidad Palytoxin (PLTX) is one of the most poisonous substances known date...

Palytoxin (PLTX) is a marine toxin that nowadays recognized amongst the most toxic compounds isolated from natural products. Originally, was only identified in single tidal pool of island Maui (Hawaii). Currently, this compound considered as an emergent Europe and its prevalence continental European waters has increased during last years. The high toxicity palytoxin related with binding to Na+-K+ ATPase, converting ubiquitously distributed enzyme permeant cation channel [1-3]. Several...

Azaspiracids (AZAs) comprise a group of marine toxins first documented in the Netherlands after ingestion contaminated mussels, harvested Ireland coasts, by end last century [1-3]. are known to be produced dinoflagellates belonging genera Azadinium and Amphidoma [4]. In recent years, part research on effects human health have focused their chronic effects. The presence azaspiracid fishery products has been regulated Europe establishing limit 160 μg kg-1 AZA equivalents [5]. Since then,...

Food supplements containing mussel extracts are becoming popular in human diet, providing high levels of proteins, omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acid (PUFAs), iodine and carbohydrates [1, 2]. Besides the beneficial effects bioactives that mussels may yield, it is vital to consider potential harmful phycotoxins can be present marine dietary supplements. Recently, we have detected for first time toxin 13-desmethyl spirolide C food green lipped Perna canaliculus at up 98 µg/kg [3]. In this work,...

Gambierdiscus species are marine dinoflagellates producers of toxins causative a widespread human illness known as Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) which comprises gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms. Blooms these have expanded worldwide reaching even European coasts. In fact, the presence related CFP intoxications been repetitively identified in Europe during last decades, especially Canary Islands [1,2] Madeira [3]. Besides ciguatoxins, can cause long term...

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a very toxic compound responsible for human intoxications after ingestion of contaminated fishery products. Although TTX was initially associated mainly with fatalities occurring in Asiatic countries[1], nowadays has expanded to other regions including European countries. In Europe, the first non-fatal by reported more than 10 years ago Charonia lampas trumpet shell captured Portuguese coast and commercialized Spain[2]. Since then, during last decade, presence...

Lipophilic marine toxins in molluscs constitute an important threat to human health and high number of intoxications occur every year. These restrict the progress aquaculture, which is one fastest growing food sectors world. The region Galicia (Spain), Chile South East Pacific are commercially producers edible bivalve mollusc, however they have been subjected recurring cases shellfish farm closures last decade. This work aimed study lipophilic toxic profile commercial (including emerging...

Marine biotoxins portrait a major threat to public health. Microalgae, such as diatoms or dinoflagellates, are the producers of these compounds. Blooms species commonly correspond with increased toxin concentration in filter-feeding organisms, which can lead poisoning outbreaks due shellfish consumption. Within toxins marine origin, we focus our work on okadaic acid (OA) group that also includes analogues dynophysistoxins 1 and 2. Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is developed after...