Phosphorus (P) losses to surface waters can result in eutrophication. Some industrial by-products have a strong affinity for dissolved P and may be useful reducing nonpoint pollution with landscape-scale runoff filters. Although appreciable research has been conducted on characterizing sorption by via batch isotherms, less data are available these materials flow-through context integral landscape filter. The objectives of this study were evaluate several setting, determine material chemical...

In sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], genotype‐by‐environment interaction effects on ontogeny can be caused by differing responses to temperature and photoperiod. We conducted glasshouse field experiments develop predictive models of for old new genotypes. New genotypes are considered better adapted more tropical environments. the studies, 10 were grown at two temperatures (20 25 °C) six planting dates (photoperiod 15 h). At photoperiods greater than about 13 h, duration emergence...

ABSTRACT Field trials were established to compare alum‐treated poultry litter (ATPL), normal (NPL), and triple superphosphate (TSP) as fertilizer sources for corn ( Zea mays L.) when applied at rates based on current management strategies in Virginia. Trials the Costal Plain Piedmont physiographic regions near Painter Orange, VA, respectively. Nitrogen‐based applications of ATPL or NPL estimated supply 173 kg plant‐available nitrogen (PAN) ha −1 resulted significantly lower grain yields than...

Alum [Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O] is a common poultry litter amendment used to decrease water-soluble phosphorus or reduce ammonia volatilization, both. Although the physiochemical effects of alum addition have been well researched, little attention has given microbial communities. The goal this study was use molecular biological methods [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), community cloning, and quantitative real-time PCR] characterize general, group-specific pathogenic communities...

Greenhouse gas (CO 2 , CH 4 and N O) emissions were measured in a field experiment evaluating preplant swine effluent application methods for no‐till corn ( Zea mays L.) grain production. The treatments included control, an inorganic fertilizer treatment receiving 179 kg ha −1 as urea–NH NO 3 (UAN), three that received target rate of 200 surface application, direct injection, combination with soil aeration. Gas emission measurements initiated after collected throughout the 2007 2008 growing...

The inability to incorporate manure into permanent pasture leads the concentration of nutrients near soil surface with potential be transported off site by runoff water. In this study, we used rainfall simulations examine effect broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter application method and timing on nutrient E. coli losses from tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) a Hartsells sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults)) in Crossville, AL....

Ammonia volatilization from the mineralization of uric acid and urea has a major impact on poultry industry environment. Dry acids are commonly used to reduce ammonia emissions houses; however, little is known about how acidification affects litter biologically. The goal this laboratory incubation was compare microbiological physiochemical effects dry amendments (Al+Clear, Poultry Litter Treatment, Guard) an untreated control specifically correlate contents these litters microbes responsible...

The mechanism of P sorption onto soils has a strong impact on bioavailability and transport potential. Assessment energy via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can potentially provide information mechanisms. This study used ITC to examine poorly crystalline Georgia kaolinite at pH 4.3 6.3. A complementary desorption isotherm was also conducted the same kaolinite/solution ratio as experiment. In addition, other experiments were performed help interpret kaolinite–P thermograms. Thermograms...

Adequate tiller density is critical for attaining optimum grain yield in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To ensure maximum development, several states the Mid‐Atlantic recommend split‐applying N spring based on at Zadoks Growth Stage 25. However, this strategy requires that labor‐intensive measurements be made each field. Recent work has suggested remote sensing might eliminate problem. The objectives of study were to estimate using an on‐the‐go, spectral reflectance sensor and...

Microbial mineralization of urea and uric acid in poultry litter results the production ammonia, which can lead to decreased performance, malodorous emissions, loss value as a fertilizer. Despite fact that this is microbial process, little known about how populations, especially ammonia-producing (ureolytic) organisms litter, respond amendments such aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O; alum). The goal study was measure temporal changes total bacterial fungal populations...

ABSTRACT Many states have passed legislation that regulates agricultural P applications based on soil levels and crop uptake in an attempt to protect surface waters from nonpoint inputs. Phytase enzyme high available phosphorus (HAP) corn supplements poultry feed are considered potential remedies this problem because they can reduce total concentrations manure. However, less is known about their water solubility of nonpoint‐source losses when land‐applied. This study was conducted determine...

Understanding soil water dynamics and evapotranspiration (ET) is imperative to predict the interactions between bioenergy cropping systems resources; yet measurements of these variables under crops in U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP) are limited. The objectives this study were quantify compare ET switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), biomass sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], mixed perennial grasses managed for biofuel production. Soil content was measured from 2011 through 2013 at...

Core Ideas A GC method to measure soil CO 2 emission was developed and compared with Solvita burst method. strong exponential relationship between observed. emissions from soils increased drying temperature a maximum at 65°C. The data presented highlight the narrow linear range of standardized procedure rate analysis reduced costs. gas chromatography (GC) headspace for microbial respiration (CO emission) after 24‐h incubation rewetted soil. by analyzing 18 different that were air‐dried...

Ammonia production in poultry houses has serious implications for flock health and performance, nutrient value of litter, energy costs running operations. In the conversion organic N (uric acid urea) to NH(4)-N is a microbially mediated process. The urease enzyme responsible final step urea NH(4)-N. Cloning analysis 168 sequences from extracted genomic DNA litter samples revealed presence novel, dominant group ureolytic microbes (representing 90% clone library). Specific primers probe were...

Poultry litter treatment with alum (Al(2)(SO(4))(3) . 18H(2)O) lowers phosphorus (P) solubility and therefore can lower P release to runoff after land application. Lower in is generally attributed aluminum-phosphate complex formation. However, recent studies suggest that additions poultry may influence organic mineralization. Therefore, alum-treated untreated litters were incubated for 93 d assess transformations during simulated storage. A 62-d soil incubation was also conducted determine...

Abstract Use of models to simulate crop production has become important in optimizing irrigation management arid and semiarid regions. However, applicability performance these differ across regions, due differences environmental factors. The AquaCrop model was used soil water content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET), yield for grain sorghum under different regimes dryland conditions at two sites Central Southern High Plains. Prediction error ( P e ), estimated as the difference between...

Large amounts of animal manure, particularly poultry litter and dairy are generated in southeastern United States, where corn (Zea mays L.) is also extensively grown. Characterizations management practices long-term manure soil nutrient dynamics critical. This study examined grain yield status under three sources (two rates each) as follows: inorganic fertilizer, litter, compared with a nontreated control two tillage (no-till incorporated). Treatments were replicated four times split-plot...

Zeolite minerals are ideal for removing ammonium nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) from animal wastes, leachates, and industrial effluents. The objectives of this study were to compare NH4+ removal kinetics among several commercially available zeolites under various conditions determine if calorimetry could provide information regarding removal. Ammonium sorption onto potassium (K) saturated was compared using synthetic vs. natural swine effluent with either traditional batch-shaken system or a "tea bag"...

Irrigation pumping is a major expense of agricultural operations, especially in arid/semi-arid areas that extract large amounts water from deep groundwater resources. Studying and improving efficiencies can have direct impacts on farm net profits the amount greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted plants. In this study, overall efficiency (OPE), GHG emissions, costs irrigation were investigated for electric pumps extracting Rush Springs (RS) aquifer central Oklahoma natural gas-powered tapping...

Recently, incorporation of poultry litter by subsurface band application into pasture has been shown to reduce surface runoff transport nutrients; however, data evaluate the impact this potential management strategy on forage production, nutrient concentrations, or accumulation soil nutrients after multiyear applications is limited. Therefore, two experiments, one in bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were initiated which treatments...