A5026706400- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Medieval Iberian Studies
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Historical and Linguistic Studies
- Medieval Literature and History
- Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Australian History and Society
- World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Medieval and Classical Philosophy
- Historical Studies of Medieval Iberia
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Medieval and Early Modern Iberia
- Early Modern Spanish Literature
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Laser Design and Applications
- Reformation and Early Modern Christianity
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Spanish Literature and Culture Studies
Sandia National Laboratories
2013-2024
Applied Pulsed Power (United States)
2023
DePaul University
2006-2022
University of Michigan
1999-2021
Weizmann Institute of Science
2018
Sandia National Laboratories California
2005-2017
National Security Technologies (United States)
2014
Voss Scientific (United States)
2009
University of New Mexico
2006
Pulse Biosciences (United States)
2006
Pulsed power accelerators compress electrical energy in space and time to provide versatile experimental platforms for high density inertial confinement fusion science. The 80-TW “Z” pulsed facility at Sandia National Laboratories is the largest device world today. Z discharges up 22 MJ of stored its capacitor banks into a current pulse that rises 100 ns peaks as 30 MA low-inductance cylindrical targets. Considerable progress has been made over past 15 years use precision scientific tool....
The electron-beam-driven self-magnetically pinched diode is a candidate for future flash X-ray radiographic sources. As presently fielded on Sandia Laboratories' six-cavity Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS-6), the capable of producing sub 3-mm radiation spot sizes and greater than 350 rads hard X-rays at 1 m. operates between 6 7 MV with slowly decreasing impedance that falls from approximately 65 to 40 Ω during main pulse. Sensitivity in operation affected by interaction evolving...
New numerical techniques for simulating the formation and evolution of cathode anode plasmas have been successfully implemented in a hybrid code. The dynamics expanding electrode has long recognized as limiting factor impedance lifetimes high-power vacuum diodes magnetically insulated transmission lines. Realistic modeling such is being pursued to aid understanding operating characteristics these devices well establishing scaling relations reliable extrapolation higher voltages. Here,...
Researchers at The University of Michigan have constructed and tested a 1‐MA Linear Transformer Driver (LTD), the first its type to reach USA. Accelerator for Inductive Z‐pinch Experiments, (MAIZE), is based on LTD developed Institute High Current Electronics in collaboration with Sandia National Labs UM. This utilizes 80 capacitors 40 spark gap switches, arranged "bricks," deliver 1 MA, 100 kV pulse ns risetime into matched resistive load. Preliminary resistive‐load test results are...
The Z machine is a current driver producing up to 30 MA in 100 ns that utilizes wide range of diagnostics assess accelerator performance and target behavior conduct experiments use the as source radiation or high pressures. We review existing suite diagnostic systems, including their locations primary configurations. are grouped following categories: pulsed power diagnostics, x-ray energy, spectroscopy, imaging (including backlighting, flow, velocimetry), nuclear detectors neutron...
Experiments have been performed on a relativistic magnetron driven at e-beam accelerator peak parameters: voltage = -0.4 MV, current 16 kA, and pulselength 0.5 /spl mu/s. The is six-vane device operating about 1 GHz with extraction from two cavities. For equal power in both waveguides, the microwave of this between 200 300 MW. Microwave pulse-shortening limits pulselengths to range 10-100 ns. Time-frequency analysis emission indicates operation 1.03 GHz, close pi mode frequency identified...
Relativistic magnetron experiments performed on a six-cavity device have generated over 300 MW total microwave power near 1 GHz. These were driven by the long-pulse electron beam from an accelerator with parameters as follows: voltage of *300 kV, current 1-10 kA, and typical pulselength 0.5 ms. This paper reports investigations high-power generation, mode competition, pulse shortening for relativistic ceramic insulator compared to plastic insulator. The improves vacuum factor ten (to 10/sup...
We review spectroscopic methods developed for the determination of magnetic fields in high-energy-density (HED) plasmas. In such plasmas, common Zeeman-splitting magnetic-field diagnostics are often impeded by various broadening mechanisms atomic transitions. The described, encompassing transitions visible and ultraviolet spectral regions, applied to study imploding plasmas (in a Z-pinch configuration) with without pre-embedded fields, relativistic-electron focusing diodes, plasma-opening...
Recent experiments at Sandia National Laboratories have demonstrated an electron beam diode X-ray source capable of producing > 350 rad one meter with 1.7 mm FWHM distribution, a 50 ns pulse-width and photon endpoint energy spectrum in the 6-7 MeV range.The operates current densities ≈ 1 MA/cm 2 .The intense rapidly (≈ 5 ns) heats conversion anode/target, liberating material form low density ion emission early pulse high plasma later.This environment gives rise to beam/plasma collective...
Using an identity matching‐to‐sample procedure, normally developing prereaders who matched individual letters with high accuracy (e.g., m and s ) did not show in matching three‐letter printed words that differed only the first letter mad sad ). Teachers researchers should assume children can discriminate also minimally different contain those letters.
In experiments conducted at Sandia National Laboratories' RITS-6 accelerator, the self-magnetic-pinch diode exhibits significant shot-to-shot variability. Specifically, for identical hardware operated same voltage, some shots exhibit a catastrophic drop in impedance. A study is underway to identify sources of variations which correlate with impedance collapse. The scope this report limited data collected 4.5-MV peak voltage and variability occur away from diode, such as sheath electron...
Experiments are reported in which two configurations for ablation-plasma-ion-implantation (APII) characterized by diagnostics and compared. The first configuration oriented the target parallel to deposition substrate. This orientation yielded ion-beam-assisted of thin films. A delay (>5 μs) between laser high voltage was necessary this geometry avoid arcing negatively biased substrate target. second experimental perpendicular substrate, reducing arcing, even zero/negative pulse. also...
Framing camera images of optical emission spectra from self-magnetic-pinch (SMP) diodes are presented, which illustrate the evolution anode (A) and cathode (K) plasmas during diode operation. These data were taken one frame per shot at different times X-ray pulses standard configuration SMPs fired on RITS-6 pulsed power driver. The display output a five-fiber array, observing discrete intervals along diode's axis symmetry. array was passed through an imaging spectrograph before being...
This paper describes a convenient and accurate method to calibrate fast (<1 ns resolution) streaked, fiber optic light collection, spectroscopy systems. Such systems are inherently difficult due the lack of sufficiently intense, calibrated sources. system is used collect spectral data on plasmas generated in electron beam diodes fielded RITS-6 accelerator (8-12MV, 140-200kA) at Sandia National Laboratories. On RITS, plasma collected through small diameter (200 μm) optical recorded...
Experiments have been performed demonstrating the feasibility of direct implantation laser-ablated metal ions into a substrate. Initial experiments implanted iron silicon substrates at pulsed, bias voltages up to negative 10 kV. Implantation Fe Si was confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 7.6 nm depth damage layers below surface is slightly less than predicted code calculations for maximum, effective ion energy about 8 keV....
A series of experiments have been performed on single-wire Z pinches (1–2 kA, 20 kV, pulse length 500 ns; Al, Ag, W, or Cu wire diameter 7.5–50 μm, 2.5 cm). Excimer laser absorption photographs show expansion metallic plasmas a time scale order 100 ns. The edge this plasma plume begins to develop structures resembling caterpillar only after the current reaches its peak value. growth these is shown be consistent with Rayleigh–Taylor instability decelerating front at later stage pulse.
<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Heavier wire weights reduce contact resistance, which increases the energy deposition in plasma. Images from a two-wire <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$Z$</tex></formula>-pinch showing effects of tension on expansion performance are presented. </para>