Avian paramyxoviruses type 1 or Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are frequently recovered from wild birds and such isolates most of low virulence. Velogenic NDV usually poultry only occasionally birds. Five were obtained carcasses four bird species during 2007 in Serbia: Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), feral Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto). All the have a typical fusion protein cleavage site motif velogenic...

Preparedness planning for two large mass gatherings events were considered in Serbia the context of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009. Planning included approaches to prevention, detection and response order mitigate situation at this early stage epidemic Serbia. Cases A(H1N1)v identified nationally immediately prior but also association with both events, as expected situation. This article describes experiences epidemiological during period gathering events.

Porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 (PCV2 PCV3) are known agents of diseases in domestic pigs wild boars. PCV2 is an economically important pathogen causing porcine circovirus-associated (PCVAD), while the recently discovered PCV3 associated with similar disorders. Wild boars can serve as a PCV reservoir for pigs, which particular risk pig farms low biosecurity. Reports these infections Serbia sporadic, this study was intended follow-up to earlier study. Our aim assess prevalence genetic...

Abstract The presence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) was examined in 119 nasal swabs collected from cattle with severe respiratory infection. All samples were conducted for isolation on the MDBK cell line. cytopathic effect observed after 48h to 72h cells inoculated eight (8/119; 6.7%). confirmation isolated strains BPIV3 done by virus-neutralization test. In addition, all also using RT-PCR primers specific part HN gene. detected 6.7%) that positive upon isolation. molecular...

The presence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been established in all suspected cases pleuropneumonia at several farms that have included the research. Equal incidence found both among piglets for breeding and fattening. health monitoring herds is extremely important, firstly because need adequate strategy to be chosen controlling Actinobacillus-caused and, same time, order prevent enormous economic losses this disease may cause. morphological, physiological biochemical characteristics...

Among different pathogens, enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC) has been for many years an important etiological agent in the occurrence of digestive system disease newborn animals. In counties with developed pig breeding (farming), including our country, diarrhea neonatal period, caused by ETEC strains is one most present and economically significant diseases. The aim this investigation wais to determine prevalence piglets (weaning pigs), originated from 5 (five) farms Republic Serbia, as well their...

The objective of this study was the application polymerase chain reaction in detection bovine herpesvirus 1 clinical samples. Twenty samples nasal swabs were separately inoculated Vero cells. Laboratory strain TN 41 served as a control experiment. cytopathic effects recovered cell line previously with sample swab, well cells laboratory after period incubation 24h, 36h and 48h. Identification isolated strains virus done by - neutralization test specific immune sera against BHV 1, titre 1:16....

Abstract Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are diverse and persistently evolving viruses found in domestic pigs wild boars. parvovirus 1 (PPV1) causes reproductive problems adult animals, although the veterinary relevance of PPV2, PPV3, PPV4 has not been clarified. The detection sequence analysis PPVs circulating boar populations Serbia was performed to determine their phylogenetic relationships prevalence 122 organ samples collected during 2018. DNA PPV1, PPV3 detected 56.6% examined samples,...

Abstract The presence of porcine circovirus 2 and parvovirus was examined in forty clinical samples spleen, lymph nodes lungs originating from non-vaccinated swine by polymerase chain reaction. All animals were reared extensive livestock farming systems different geographical districts Republic Srpska, Bosnia Herzegovina. Porcine DNA detected four node two spleen (15%), while identified five (12.5%). both viruses three (7.5%). Partial nucleotide sequence ORF1 gene VP2 isolates determined....

The presence of equine herpesviruses 1, 2 and 5 (EHV-1, EHV-2 EHV-5) was examined in 66 samples spinal cord, submandibular lymph nodes spleen healthy, non-vaccinated abattoir horses from different locations the Republic Serbia. Virus isolation conducted on RK-13 cell line with confirmation isolated viral strains by multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction. cytopathic effect observed 48–72 h after first inoculation 28 (42.4%) organ samples, days 11 other (16.7%) that were all confirmed as...

Detection and characterisation of porcine circoviruses in wild boars northeastern Serbia | J Nisavic, N Milic, A Radalj, M Mirilovic, B Vejnovic, Cosic, Knezevic, L Veljovic, Zivulj Agricultural Journals

The Republic of Serbia, with WHO support, has implemented an early warning system (ALERT) for priority communicable diseases, to complement the routine surveillance which notifies individual confirmed cases. results its evaluation, conducted one year after implementation is presented here. ALERT relies on notification 11 syndromes by primary care facilities. Data analysed weekly at district level and transmitted national epidemiologists. perceived be a simple flexible tool. Acceptability...

Meat, table eggs and their products are very important in human nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health status of commercial flocks as much quality poultry food chain. Campylobacter sp. Salmonella widely distributed nature. The influence these bacteria on animal depends immune response. If animals not immunologicaly compromised, infection latent clinical symptoms absent. Unlike animals, cause serious diseases humans morbidity quite high. main transfer via products. goal...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important viral pathogens avian species and causative agent atypical fowl plague, a highly contagious economically characterized by high mortality rates reduction egg production. The HN F proteins are main targets for immune response to NDV. Vaccination poultry with live inactivated NDV vaccines effective method control prevention disease, however due their disadvantages, efforts being invested into developing subunit vaccines. To this end,...

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) belongs to the family Circoviridae, genus Circovirus. Infection of swine caused by this virus is manifested in several different clinical forms, leading significant economic losses production worldwide. For reason, prompt and precise diagnostics infection great importance. purpose today there are used molecular methods virological such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time method PCR, that direct sequencing Sanger.

Campylobacteria are widely distributed in domestic and wild animals. Avian species the most common host of campylobacteria, thus an important source for human infection caused by this organism. Campylobacteriosis animals frequently proceeds without clinical symptoms, which may be due to different virulence agent, as well immune status infected animal. In trial we investigated effects vaccine against infective bursal disease (IBD) on occurrence manifestation campylobacteriosis conditions...

Abstract The escalating global concern of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine is exacerbated by the inappropriate prescription antibiotics for bacterial infections companion animals. This study aimed to determine distribution coagulase-positive staphylococci causing clinical skin ear dogs methicillin-resistant isolates. A total 78 staphylococcal strains were isolated from samples taken patients at Dermatology Clinic Faculty Veterinary Medicine Belgrade, Serbia....

This paper analyses the legal framework for artificial intelligence (AI) in European Union, focusing on recently adopted Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) of 2024. The employs a risk-based classification approach to regulate AI systems, particularly high-risk ones, safeguard public safety and fundamental rights. Additionally, it examines Act's alignment with Directive (EU) 2019/770, which establishes complementary standards AI-based software products through continuous updates...

Infections caused by the avian influenza virus have been known for a long time and they are present, to smaller or greater extent, in both extensive intensive poultry production many parts of world. Epidemiological investigations established definite significance population wild birds maintaining spreading this infection. Avian is zoonosis, has great potential causing mortality humans, particular its subtypes H5 H7, which why it lately provoking much attention among scientists experts, as...

Examinations were performed on 65 samples of nasal smeas taken from calves and young cows with clinical symptoms respiratory infection to determine the presence bovine herpes virus 1 using parallel implementation molecular standard methods virological diagnostics. The appearance a cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was not established in inoculated cell lines 24h, 48h 72h following inoculation, or after two successive passages examined material sample through these lines. application polymerize...

Abstract The presence of pseudorabies virus (PrV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and circovirus 2 (PCV2) was examined in sixty samples (spleen lymph nodes) thirty sacral ganglia collected from non-vaccinated swine by isolation polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR method PrV detected three samples, PPV seven six were found positive for PCV2. phylogenetic analysis the nucleotide sequences isolates identified this study showed high similarity significant clustering within genotype I strains...

Bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) causes respiratory infections in cattle and sheep with great economic losses livestock. The aim of this investigation was to determine the significance molecular methods identification isolated strains PI3 virus. Twenty nasal swabs were analyzed for presence using standard virology method isolation MBDK cell line neutralization test. confirmed by RT-PCR direct sequencing primers fusion (F) protein gene. identified four RT-PCR. analysis nucleotide sequences...

Five strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were obtained from poultry in Vojvodina, Serbia during the outbreaks 2006 and 2007. These isolates confirmed genotypically characterized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer specific to viral fusion (F) protein (572bp), sequencing partial F gene for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all five isolated belong genotype VII. At same time, clustered NDV subtype VIId. The examined express high...

A total of 92 samples bovine blood serum were examined for the presence antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus using indirect immunoenzyme probe - iELISA. Specific (BRSV) established in 46, or 50% samples. Investigations cattle parainfluenza 3 (PI 3), revealed their 77, 83.69% samples, and herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) was 19, 20.65%