Objective In vitro and animal experiments suggest that P-glycoprotein forms a functional barrier between maternal fetal blood circulation in the placenta, thus protecting fetus from exposure to xenobiotics during pregnancy. this study we aimed characterize role of blood-placental by use dually perfused human placenta. Methods Twenty-eight placentas were obtained after delivery, both side for 2 hours. Saquinavir was used as probe drug P-glycoprotein-dependent active transfer, PSC833...

Good reliability of Caco-2 permeability studies requires competent sampling and analytical methods to ensure the comparability day-to-day experiments. In this work, two n-in-one LC/MS/MS based on different ionization techniques were developed validated for a group reference compounds; eight them are recommended by Food Drug Administration (FDA) evaluation oral drug permeability. The performance new technique, atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), as an interface quantitative LC/MS...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the success of triple therapy in peptic ulcer patients and relapses. One hundred one consecutive Helicobacter pylori-positive were assigned an open trial with 2 weeks treatment colloidal bismuth subcitrate, amoxicillin, metronidazole. At 6-week follow-up only 1 duodenal unhealed 57 active ulcers, H. pylori found be eradicated 84% 100 subjects. The sensitivity metronidazole determined from 71 pretreatment strains pylori. Eradication succeeded 89%...

In the present study a fluorescence technique and nine probes have been applied to monitor curing of polyurethanes. As proceeds, emission bands exhibit hypsochromic shifts due increase in environmental microviscosity. An intensity ratio method was developed, where ratios low- high-intensity changes (LHIC) were used determine degree process. The enables one follow polymer structure throughout entire process obtain comparable results from different types during same is independent or polymers....

In this study the curing degree and shelf life of an epoxy resin were monitored by a fluorescence method. Four extrinsic probes, so-called TICT compounds, used. An intensity ratio method was applied, in which ratios lowest highest changes emission bands are used to determine isothermal curing. A smooth some cases linear correlation found between cure. The technique enable monitoring precuring studied polymer.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine advantages different mass spectrometric instruments and commercially available metabolite identification programs for profiling. Metabolism tramadol hydrochloride excretion it its metabolites into human urine were used as a test case because metabolism is extensive well known. Accurate measurements carried out with quadrupole time‐of‐flight spectrometer (Q‐TOF) equipped LockSpray dual‐electrospray ionization source. A triple (QqQ) applied...

Abstract Researchers globally identify pesticides as one of the main reasons for pollinator decline. In European Union (EU), extensive legislation is implemented to protect pollinators from harmful pesticide exposure. The aim our study was discover whether residue levels in honeybee matrices, such nectar and pollen, exceeded chronic or acute toxicity when beehives were located next fields treated with specific insecticides. insecticides used according EU its national implementation....

Background —No data exist on cholesterol absorption in patients with an ileoanal anastomosis (IAA). Aims —To study and its effects bile acid metabolism IAA. Patients methods —Cholesterol absorption, serum, biliary, faecal lipids were studied 24 IAA 20 controls. Results —Fractional was significantly lower the (36% versus 47% controls). Surprisingly, calculated intestinal influx of endogenous reduced so that absolute decreased; elimination as neutral steroids remained normal. Thus, slightly...

The ATP-dependent drug-efflux pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), plays a crucial role in several tissues forming blood-tissue barriers. Absence of normally functioning P-gp can lead to highly increased tissue penetration number clinically important drugs.We have studied the dose-response effect exogenous ATP on placental transfer well-established substrate saquinavir 17 dually perfused human term placentas. We also influence polymorphisms 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T expression (n...

The rat mitochondrial proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), and proteins altered by age or caloric restriction (CR) were identified mass spectrometry. Of 2061 in the three tissues, a significant change with occurred 25 liver (19 increased, 6 decreased), 3 heart (1 2 5 skeletal muscle (all increased). CR prevented age-related level of one protein, levels four (one decreased) from heart, protein (decreased) muscle. Identification that...

Plant-pathogenic Streptomyces species produce a variety of different phytotoxic 4-nitroindol-3-yl-containing 2,5-dioxopiperazines (thaxtomins) that induce scab symptoms on potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). The possible mutual synergistic or antagonistic effects thaxtomins are unknown. Modified methodology using column chromatography allowed the purification thaxtomin A in large quantities (27 mg, HPLC purity 97%). Thaxtomin ortho isomer, B, and C-14 deoxythaxtomin B (thaxtomin D) were also...

Selected aspects of dobutamine glucuronidation were studied in detail. There are potentially four sites at which can be conjugated to glucuronic acid. Three the monoglucuronides that formed enzymatically synthesized using pig liver microsomes, isolated, and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, ¹H ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Analysis microsomes from various sources revealed large variability ratios three regioisomers. Interestingly, catecholic <i>meta-O</i>-glucuronide,...

Abstract We present a detailed experimental approach to detection and subsequent structural characterization of unknown metabolites sibutramine, using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometric techniques. The full‐, precursor ion, constant neutral loss scan modes triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used for screening sibutramine in human urine. assessment was based on MS n ion trap analysis comparison spectra between the standards compounds detected. Two phase‐I (M1 M2) eight phase‐II...

Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides which have been shown to affect the memory and learning abilities of honey bees, suspected play a part in unexplainable, large-scale loss bee colonies. Fast methods, such as ambient mass spectrometry (MS), for their analysis from variety matrices necessary control use forbidden products study spreading nature.The feasibilities two MS desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), five most neonicotinoid...

Summary. The aim of this study was to determine the effect weight loss induced by 6 weeks very‐low‐calorie‐diet (VLCD) and behavioural intervention on pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in non‐smoking morbid obese (BMI&gt;40 kg/m 2 ) otherwise healthy patients. Seven patients underwent a maximal bicycle ergometer test with continuous analysis expired air arterial blood sampling before after mean 18% (25.7 kg, range: 10.50 kg). Body mass index (BMI) decreased from 46.6 (6.3) 38.0 (4.7) (...

Abstract The water uptake of three polyurethane adhesives was studied by an in situ fluorescence method applying extrinsic fluorescent probes. measurements were made immersion at 50 and 80°C, vapor 50°C. An intensity ratio applied, which ratios the highest lowest changes emission bands used to determine amount sorbed polymer films. compare data with those obtained a conventional gravimetric method. Comparable results obtained. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1593–1599,

This paper proposes a 'Thing'-centric simple rule editor for the Internet of Things. The demonstration is aimed at laymen to connect and configure sensors their home appliances. In providing tool do-it-yourself configurations, we present user-centric approach combining configuring tasks that can be deployed in highly diverse domestic contexts, with heterogeneous resources available deployment environments changing over time. Composing devices take center stage our 'Thing' - or object-centric...