To explain the unusual stability of undercooled liquids against crystallization, Frank hypothesized that local structures contain a significant degree icosahedral short-range order, which is incompatible with long-range periodicity. We present here first direct experimental demonstration Frank's complete hypothesis, showing correlation between nucleation barrier and growing order decreasing temperature in Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21 liquid. A new facility, BESL (Beamline Electrostatic Levitation), was...

New short-range order data are presented for equilibrium and undercooled liquids of Ti Ni. These were obtained from in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements electrostatically levitated droplets. While the liquid Ni is icosahedral, consistent with Frank's hypothesis, significantly distorted icosahedral observed Ti. This first experimental observation any liquid, although this has been predicted by theoretical studies on atomic clusters.

We present the results of a structural study metallic alloy liquids from high temperature through glass transition. use energy X-ray scattering and electro-static levitation in combination with molecular dynamics simulation show that height first peak structure function, S(Q) - 1, follows Curie-Weiss law. The coherence length is proportional to peak, we suggest its increase cooling may be related rapid viscosity. Curie negative, implying an analogy spin-glass. behavior provides pathway ideal...

We have developed a unique device, dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), which repetitively applies time-dependent load/pressure profile to sample. This capability allows studies of the kinetics phase transitions and metastable phases at compression (strain) rates up 500 GPa/s (approximately 0.16 s(-1) for metal). Our approach adapts electromechanical piezoelectric actuators conventional design, enables precise specification control applied load/pressure. Existing DAC instrumentation...

Significance We successfully achieve unprecedentedly deep levels of supersaturation ( S ∼ 4.1) with KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) solutions by using a newly developed device that combines electrostatic levitation Raman and X-ray scattering. Our study reveals two interesting phenomena. One is an existence different solution states, is, low-concentration KDP (LCS) high-concentration (HCS). The other emergence crystallization paths depend on the degree supersaturation: i ) LCS to stable crystal (tetrahedral...

We report on high-temperature density measurements of nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), and hafnium (Hf) in supercooled stable liquid states by using an electrostatic levitator (ESL) evaluation their associated uncertainties. More specifically, this work demonstrates a detailed description our non-contact measurement method (i.e. schematics the instrumentation, levitation procedure calculation from droplet images). find that main contribution uncertainties come measuring sample...

Comprehensive undercooling experiments on a large number of simple crystalline, polytetrahedral, and icosahedral quasicrystalline phase forming compositions in $\mathrm{Ti}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Zr}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ni}$ alloys have been carried out using electrostatic levitation (ESL) techniques for containerless processing. Consistent with Frank's hypothesis, direct correlation was found between the reduced...

Determinations of the phase formation sequence, crystal structures and thermo-physical properties materials at high temperatures are hampered by contamination from sample container environment. Containerless processing techniques, such as electrostatic (ESL), electromagnetic, aerodynamic, acoustic levitation, most suitable for these studies. An adaptation ESL in situ structural studies a wide range using energy (30–130keV) x rays synchrotron source is described here. This beamline (BESL)...

Recently, we reported the results of experimental in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction studies electrostatically levitated equilibrium and supercooled metallic elements alloy liquids, showing evidence for icosahedral short-range ordering (ISRO). In this paper, these are extended to binary Ti-Zr ternary Ti-Zr-Ni alloys. From a cluster-based analysis structure factors, it is concluded that ISRO alloys becomes progressively more dominant, coherence length order longer, with addition Ni,...

Resistivity is an intrinsic feature that specifies the electrical properties of a material and depends on electron-phonon scattering near room temperature. Reducing resistivity metal to its potentially lowest value requires eliminating grain boundaries impurities, but date few studies have focused reducing pure itself. We could reduce single-crystal Ag, which has almost perfect structure, by impurity doping it with Cu. This paper presents our results: was reduced 1.35 μΩ·cm at temperature...

Liquid density is a crucial parameter in physical models, numerical simulations, and key thermophysical property essential for understanding various phenomena. Although measurements of liquid metals have been carried out with methods, it still hard to give consistent precise results, particularly at high temperatures. In this study, we systematically perform the 34 elemental alloy liquids using electrostatic levitation (ESL). Through comprehensive review data literature, propose recommended...

Employing the technique of electrostatic levitation, coupled with high-energy x-ray diffraction and rapid data acquisition methods, we have obtained high quality structural more deeply into supercooled regime liquid silicon than has been possible before. No change in coordination number is observed this temperature region, calling question previous experimental claims evidence for existence a liquid-liquid phase transition.

We report the observation of ice VII, directly crystallized from metastably supercompressed liquid water at pressure up to $1.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, well within stability field VI. This result is achieved by making time-resolved measurements pressure-induced crystallization using a unique instrument, dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), which permits measurement pressure/time-dependent phase transformation pathways. are able evaluate interfacial free energy, and find that...

Abstract Glass is a freezing phase of deeply supercooled liquid. Despite its simple definition, the origin glass forming ability (GFA) still ambiguous, even for binary Cu-Zr alloys. Here, we directly study stability liquids where find that Cu 64 Zr 36 at temperature shows deeper undercoolability and longer persistence than other neighbouring compositions with an equivalent driving Gibbs free energy. This observation implies GFA alloys significantly affected by crystal-liquid interfacial In...

For over two decades, NaCl nucleation from a supersaturated aqueous solution has been predicted to occur

Crystal–liquid interfacial free energy is important to understand in crystal study, for example, nucleation, growth, and vitrification. Here, we report the nanosized nucleus-supercooled liquid of early late transition metals using electrostatic levitation (ESL) technique classical homogeneous nucleation theory (CNT). For estimation energy, obtained thermophysical parameters (Ti, Fe, Ni, Zr, Nb, Rh, Hf), such as hypercooling limit (ΔThyp), specific heat (Cp), total hemispherical emissivity...

Crystal growth mechanisms are crucial to understanding the complexity of crystal morphologies in nature and advanced technological materials, such as faceting dendrites found snowflakes microstructure associated strength properties structural icy planetary materials. In this article, we present observations pressure-induced ice VI growth, which have been predicted theoretically, but had never observed experimentally our knowledge. Under modulated pressure conditions a dynamic-diamond anvil...

Abstract Solute structure and its evolution in supersaturated aqueous solutions are key clues to understand Ostwald’s step rule. Here, we measure the structural of solute molecules highly KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) NH H (ADP) using a combination electrostatic levitation synchrotron X-ray scattering. The measurement reveals existence solution-solution transition KDP solution, caused by changing molecular symmetries solution with supersaturation. Moreover, find that symmetry - impacts on phase selection....

Precise density and thermal expansion measurements of refractory materials are extremely challenging due to the chemical reactions gradients at ultrahigh temperatures. The UV image technique has been successfully applied high temperatures above 3000 K. However, intense radiation from sample can blur edge image, leading uncertain measurements. In this study, we investigate influence contrast between background light (B–S) on We find that lower B–S significantly affect calibration factor...