During the last years, many governments have set targets for increasing share of biofuels in transportation sector. Understanding consumer behavior is essential designing policies that efficiently increase uptake cleaner technologies. In this paper we analyze adopters and non-adopters alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). We use diffusion innovation theory established notion social system interpersonal influence play important roles adoption. Based on a nationwide database car owners adoption...

This paper analyses the impact of a low-cost land certification programme on productivity female-headed households. The hypotheses tested in emphasise interaction between constraints that households face terms insecure tenure, lack productive resources and suboptimal market participation, one hand, tenure security benefits other. Our findings show has positive effect participation productivity. analysis also suggests higher marginal effects households’ productivity, compared to male ones.

Abstract. Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities and fatalities avalanche terrain during the past few decades: decade 2008–2017, 64 were recorded Norway. This is 106 % from that of previous decade. In 2013, therefore launched National Avalanche Warning Service (NAWS), which provides warnings to transport preparedness authorities public. Previous studies suggest are used extensively trip planning have relatively...

Policymakers have made several attempts to introduce local and national policies reduce CO2 emissions stimulate the consumer adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (ethanol/E85 cars). The purpose this paper is analyze how a policy measure impacts composition car fleet over time. More specifically, we take advantage natural experiment setting caused by introduction Stockholm congestion tax (2006) affected purchases ethanol cars that were exempted from tax. To estimate effects, employ...

Snow avalanches are a significant natural hazard representing the primary risk of death to backcountry travelers in many alpine countries. Careful use terrain through effective decision making can mitigate dangerous snowpack conditions, but requires relevant knowledge and experience. We present results from large-scale crowd sourced data collection method users. Using GPS tracking via smartphone application, coupled with online surveys, we investigate intersection geographical complexity,...

This paper will review the emergence and adoption of decision heuristics as a conceptual framework within avalanche research education community demonstrate how this emphasis on heuristic has anchored was critical in redefining discussion around accidents. paradigm been meaningful step recognizing importance making However, an attempt to reduce incidence fatal accidents, these ideas wider overlooked some clearly stated limitations foundational work frame. With respect concept traps...

We test if positionality, i.e., the desire to gain social status, is associated with an increased willingness take risk among backcountry riders. If positional preferences drive risk-taking behaviour in avalanche terrain, this especially problematic because stakes are high and can be fatal. Our analysis based on data for hypothetical choices from online survey (N = 648) North America. find that riders significantly more likely boast about riding bold lines, associate steep respect, say they...

This paper analyzes whether marginal taxation of labor and capital income are useful second best instruments for internalizing the externalities caused by conspicuous housing consumption, when government is unable to implement a first corrective tax on wealth. The rationale studying in this particular context that taxes wealth may be infeasible (at least shorter time perspective), while indirectly affect both level composition accumulated We show suboptimally low provides an incentive...

We examined the effect of emotions, associated with “powder fever”, on decision-making in avalanche terrain. Background: Skiing terrain is a voluntary activity that exposes participant to potentially fatal risk. Impaired this context can therefore have devastating results, often limited prior corrective feedback and learning opportunities. Previous research has suggested arousal caused by emotions affects risk assessment intentions engage risky behavior. propose powder fever may induce...

We used an experimental approach to test if there is a link between positional preferences and the social closeness relevance of reference group. More specifically, we tested people are more when they compare with friends colleagues than anonymous person in society. further gender members group important, can be linked individual's identity. Our results lend support hypothesis that identification domain correlated concerns domain. However, contrast our hypotheses, find comparisons society...

Abstract. Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities, and fatalities, avalanche terrain during the past few decades: decade 2008–2017, 64 fatalities were recorded Norway. This is 106 % from that of previous decade. In 2013, therefore launched National Avalanche Warning Service (NAWS), which provide warnings to transport preparedness authorities, public. Previous studies suggest are used extensively trip planning, have...

Drawing on psychological theories of social identity and cognitive dissonance, we develop a dynamic model for the evolution female labour supply. We assume that agents, in addition to consumption leisure, also derive utility from complying with personal norms such deviations induce costs. An important contribution is allow conflicting weight these agent’s endogenous. show norm incentives may have long-run effects supply: example, effect wage increase supply reinforced if agents can adjust...

Abstract In spite of increased awareness HIV/AIDS, unprotected casual sex is still widespread in many HIV‐infected countries. this paper, a two‐period model for sexual decisions under uncertainty developed. The results suggest that, individuals with limited access to HIV treatment, the about their future health could be an important factor driving unsafe practices. support empirical finding weak link poor countries between behavior, frequency, and knowledge. Therefore, suggests that AIDS...

Free choice of health care providers is aimed to improve the quality by increasing both access it and competition between providers. However, may also give patients possibilities for doctor shopping (DS) behaviour, i.e., visiting different receive illicit drug prescriptions. Abuse prescribed addictive drugs a growing problem worldwide associated with increased mortality, lower life other problems on individual societal level. We study DS behaviour three categories - opioid painkillers,...