Critical thinking has been difficult to develop in technical and vocational education training, where acquiring practical skills is often the priority. This study looks at whether tried-and-tested methods for developing critical higher are also effective this educational context. To test this, an intervention was carried out as part of a compulsory, semester-long “Basic Communication Skills” class 149 first year engineering students. involved linking expected learning outcomes course series...

Mechanical ventilation is a common procedure of life support in intensive care. Patient-ventilator asynchronies (PVAs) occur when the timing ventilator cycle not simultaneous with patient respiratory cycle. The association between severity markers and events death or alive discharge has been acknowledged before, however, little known about addition PVAs data to analyses. We used an index (AI) measure SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) score assess overall severity. To investigate...

Short-term geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) driven by the quasi-periodic 11-year cycle of solar activity have been linked to a broad range adverse health effects, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and total deaths. We conducted large epidemiological study in 263 U.S. cities assess effects GMD on daily deaths total, CVD, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke.We employed two-step meta-analysis approach, which we estimated city-specific season-stratified mortality risk associated with...

Survival analysis is one of the most important fields statistics in medicine and biological sciences. In addition, computational advances last decades have favored use Bayesian methods this context, providing a flexible powerful alternative to traditional frequentist approach. The objective article summarize some popular survival models, such as accelerated failure time, proportional hazards, mixture cure, competing risks, multi‐state, frailty, joint models longitudinal data. Moreover, an...

ABSTRACT Predicting cancer‐associated clinical events is challenging in oncology. In Multiple Myeloma (MM), a cancer of plasma cells, disease progression determined by changes biomarkers, such as serum concentration the paraprotein secreted cells (M‐protein). Therefore, time‐dependent behavior M‐protein and transition across lines therapy (LoT), which may be consequence progression, should accounted for statistical models to predict relevant outcomes. Furthermore, it important understand...

Teamwork has been systematically studied in engineering education as an educational method and a learning outcome. Based on the recent advances socially-shared regulation framework for teamwork processes, this study explores impact of transition to online learning. The purpose is understand if face-to-face team dynamics differ concerning prevalence personal goals, challenges, individual/social strategies. Adaptive Instrument Regulation Emotions (AIRE) Questionnaire was used compare two...

Semi-competing risks refer to the setting where primary scientific interest lies in estimation and inference with respect a non-terminal event, occurrence of which is subject terminal event.In this paper, we present R package SemiCompRisks that provides functions perform analysis independent/clustered semi-competing data under illness-death multi-state model.The allows user choose specification for model components from range options giving users substantial flexibility, including:...

Many factors influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we investigated associations between socio-demographic characteristics and familial history with 5-year T2DM in a family-based study conducted Brazil. was defined as baseline fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or use any hypoglycaemic drug. We excluded individuals at if they did not attend two examination cycles. After exclusions, evaluated sample 1,125 participants, part Baependi Heart Study (BHS). Mixed-effects...

Summary The Dirichlet‐multinomial process can be seen as the generalisation of binomial model with beta prior distribution when number categories is larger than two. In such a scenario, setting informative distributions great becomes difficult, so need for an objective approach arises. However, what does mean in process? To deal this question, we study sensitivity posterior to choice Dirichlet from those presented available literature. We illustrate impact selection several scenarios and...

Abstract We introduce a numerically tractable formulation of Bayesian joint models for longitudinal and survival data. The process is modeled using generalized linear mixed models, while the parametric general hazard structure. two processes are linked by sharing fixed random effects, separating effects that play role at time scale from those affect scale. This strategy allows inclusion nonlinear time‐dependent avoiding need numerical integration, which facilitates implementation proposed...

Many clinical trials generate both longitudinal biomarker and time-to-event data. We might be interested in their relationship, as the case of tumor size overall survival oncology drug development. well-established methods exist for analyzing such data either sequentially (two-stage models) or simultaneously (joint models). Two-stage modeling (2stgM) has been challenged (i) not acknowledging that biomarkers are endogenous covariable to submodel (ii) propagating uncertainty submodel. On other...

This tutorial shows how various Bayesian survival models can be fitted using the integrated nested Laplace approximation in a clear, legible, and comprehensible manner INLA INLAjoint R-packages. Such include accelerated failure time, proportional hazards, mixture cure, competing risks, multi-state, frailty, joint of longitudinal data, originally presented article "Bayesian analysis with BUGS." In addition, we illustrate implementation new model for semicontinuous marker, recurrent events,...

Body-mass index (BMI) is a hallmark of adiposity. In contrast with adulthood, the genetic architecture BMI during childhood poorly understood. The few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on children have been performed almost exclusively in Europeans and at single ages. We cross-sectional longitudinal GWAS for BMI-related traits 904 admixed mostly Mapuche Native American European ancestries. found regulatory variants immune gene HLA-DQB3 strongly associated 1.5−2.5 years old. A variant...

Abstract Fully Bayesian methods for Cox models specify a model the baseline hazard function. Parametric approaches generally provide monotone estimations. Semi‐parametric choices allow more flexible patterns but they can suffer from overfitting and instability. Regularization through prior distributions with correlated structures usually give reasonable answers to these types of situations. We discuss regularization survival defined via hazards specified by mixture piecewise constant...

Multistate models provide a useful framework for modelling complex event history data in clinical settings and have recently been extended to the joint appropriately handle endogenous longitudinal covariates, such as repeatedly measured biomarkers, which are informative about health status disease progression. However, practical application of faces considerable computational challenges. Motivated by multimorbidity analysis large-scale UK records, we introduce novel Bayesian inference...

This study contributes to the growing body of research on relationship between subjective well-being and academic performance in schools by providing a context-specific analysis Chilean students. Using 2022 SIMCE data—a national standardized assessment Chile—from 4th 10th graders (N = 292,725), employs hierarchical linear modeling explore how students’ school happiness relates with language mathematics, accounting for socioeconomic status, gender, origin, self-efficacy, previous year’s...

Although ionizing radiation is known to have detrimental effects on red blood cells, the effect of environmental radioactivity associated with ambient particulate matter (PM) unknown. We hypothesized that exposure PM-associated beta particle (PRβ) would be a lower hemoglobin concentration. studied 1.704 participants from Normative Aging Study (NAS) over 36 years (1981–2017) who lived in Eastern, MA and surrounding area. Exposures PRβ was assessed using USEPA's RadNet monitoring network...