Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a major world crop that reliable source of fodder and food grain in arid regions. However, unlike other cereals, sorghum has low nutritional value, owing mainly to the resistance its storage proteins (kafirins) protease digestion. Changing composition kafirins or their primary structure may address this problem. To induce mutations kafirin-encoding genes were expected disturb accumulation endosperm cells, we used genome-editing approach. By...

Heritable changes of phenotype arising in plant ontogenesis by the influence environmental factors belong to most intriguing genetic phenomena. An unusual inheritance pattern was detected during examination male fertility restoration CMS-inducing "9E" type cytoplasm sorghum: Rf-genes were functional self-pollinated progeny F(1) hybrids yet either not expressed or poorly backcrosses these CMS-lines with same type. In experiments on parallel growing hybrid combinations "dry plot" and...

Background: Low digestibility of seed storage proteins (kafirins) and low nutritional grain value are one the most important directions genetic improvement sorghum.In this review, we summarize experiments on improving protein digestibility, increasing sorghum using engineering approaches, primarily, by introduction constructs that cause silencing γ-and/or α-kafirins.Key points Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, which was used for these in genome, discussed.Transgenic harboring inducing...

Investigation of the effect cytoplasm on combining ability (CA) lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is considerable interest in terms understanding genetic functions and for practical purposes to create hybrids improved economically valuable traits. In order investigate different types sterile (A3, A4, 9E) CA sorghum, we studied manifestation a number biological agronomic traits 54 F1 hybrid combinations obtained using iso-nuclear CMS nuclear genome line Zheltozernoye 10, differing...

Investigation of male sterility mutations is an effective approach for identification genes involved in anther and pollen development. The comparison “cytological phenotypes” newly induced mutants with phenotypes determined by already known favors elucidation genetic control diverse microsporo- gametogenesis stages. In this paper, we describe development the grain sorghum line Zh10-asc1 mutation sterility. This was obtained from callus culture treated sodium ascorbate. A wide spectrum...

Abstract Male fertility restoration in new types of sorghum cytoplasmic male sterility‐inducing cytoplasms (A4, ‘9E’, ‘M35’), characterized by the formation non‐dehiscent anthers, is difficult. Lines with fertility‐restorer genes for these unique do occur, but rarely, and when found tend to be unstable their inheritance expression. The aim this research was explore reasons instability. Seven lines three cytoplasms, A4 ‘M35’, six that restore were grown at Agricultural Research Institute...

Use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in hybrid breeding requires effective fertility-restoring lines. In sorghum, very few restoring lines that can restore fertility A3 CMS have been reported. To identify the reasons for this deficiency, F1 and F2 hybrids an line crossed with IS1112C, a donor (Rf) genes cytoplasm, testcrosses fertile plants to were grown under contrasting water availability regimes dryland irrigated field plots. plots frequency was twice (P < 0.05). Fertile from family...

The use of genome editing technologies opens wide opportunities for the targeted mutagenesis in important agricultural crops. In context global warming, sorghum, an drought- and heat-tolerant crop is particular importance. However, compared to other cereals, sorghum grain has a lower nutritional value, due resistance its storage proteins (kafirins) proteolytic digestion. A decrease synthesis kafirins as result mutations or expression RNAi genetic constructs modifies ultrastructure protein...

Abstract Conditions for the effective experimental regulation of ploidy level in regenerants from callus cultures derived young, undifferentiated leaves and panicles haploid sorghum were established. Diploidization depended on ontogenetic age explant 2,4‐D concentration medium. With a low (0.5 mg/1) segments young (&lt; 35 mm long) produced only regenerants. Diploid plants formed more mature ( (15–65 long). Under high (2.5 diploid regenerated (less than mm) except most ones (5–15 mm). The...

Abstract One of the reasons poor nutritive value sorghum grain is resistance its seed storage proteins (kafirins) to protease digestion. To reveal entries with increased kafirin digestibility, sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) endosperm 10 lines [cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)‐lines and fertility restorers] five F 1 hybrids before after pepsin digestion was carried out. For quantitative estimation digestibility SDS‐PAGE banding patterns were scanned by...

The paper presents a review of the studies on use genetic engineering and genome editing tools for improving nutritional properties sorghum grain. As result experiments performed over past 5-7 years by several research groups, created transgenic lines carry constructs RNA silencing different kafirin sub-classes (prolamins grain). CRISPR/Cas9 have yielded mutants with deletions insertions in signal sequence gene encoding 22 kDa α-kafirin sorghum. These were characterized improved vitro...