In this study, 36 carrot breeding lines and cultivars widely used for organic production were grown 4 years in two locations under conventionally managed trials. Highly significant genotypic main effects genotype × year and, to a lesser extent, location interactions observed all traits, including harvest root top weight as well height width measured at early season, midseason, the time of harvest. contrast, management systems most system not significant. Broad sense heritability...

Tomato responds to induced systemic resistance (ISR) by the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum against foliar pathogens in a genotype specific manner. This study investigates mechanisms underlying these differences using pathogen Botrytis cinerea and RNA-seq. Solanum pimpinellifolium LA 1589 (responsive) S. lycopersicum cv. Wisconsin 55 (unresponsive) were treated with T. before inoculation B. characterize priming capabilities. The harzianum-treated samples exhibited reduced disease...

Hop cones grown on the female plant of perennial crop ( Humulus lupulus L.) are an integral component brewing process and provide flavor, bitterness, aroma, antimicrobial properties to beer. Demand for organically hops from consumers via industry is rise; however, due high N requirements severe disease, weed, arthropod pressures, extremely difficult grow organically. Currently, majority world's organic in New Zealand, while other countries, including China, beginning increase hop production....

Crop domestication events followed by targeted breeding practices have been pivotal for improvement of desirable traits and to adapt cultivars local environments. Domestication also resulted in a strong reduction genetic diversity among modern compared their wild relatives, though the effect this could on tripartite relationships between plants, belowground beneficial microbes aboveground pathogens remains undetermined. We quantified plant growth performance, basal resistance induced...

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that can accumulate in soils and negatively impact crop as well human health. Amendments like biochar have potential to address these challenges by reducing Cd bioavailability soil, though reliance on post-harvest wet chemical methods quantify uptake slowed efforts identify the most effective amendments. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) novel technology could overcome this limitation quantifying symptoms of stress while plants are still growing. The goals study were...

Brown patch (caused by multiple species of Rhizoctonia and Rhizoctonia-like fungi) is one the major turfgrass diseases impacting turf-type tall fescue [ Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] lawns during summer season. Selection cultivars with brown resistance an important cultural management practice to reduce disease severity limit reliance on fungicides. A greenhouse experiment was conducted quantify differences in among 15 correlate plant morphological characteristics....

Abstract Soil erosion due to annual cropping on highly erodible farmland is a major ecological concern in the wheat growing regions of Washington State. In response requests from farmers, winter breeding program at State University has been developing perennial selected crosses between wild wheatgrass species and commonly grown cultivars. 2005/06, we conducted field trials most promising lines derived interspecific tall ( Thinopyrum elongatum ) bread Triticum aestivum ). Thirty-one two...

Synchronizing the supply of plant-available nitrogen (N) from organic materials with N needs apple trees is essential to cost-effective production. Tree growth and matter mineralization are affected by orchard floor management. This study examines effects three management systems, cultivation, wood chip mulch, a legume cover crop, on accumulation partitioning compost-derived in young ( Malus domestica Borkh.) at different compost application dates across two growing seasons. Compost enriched...

Use of high tunnel crop production is expected to increase meet the growing demand for locally produced fresh market vegetables. These structures have potential offer many benefits; however, managing soil quality in these challenging and work area limited. In this 3-year study, we compared impacts organic inorganic fertility amendments on quality, nutrient availability, productivity chard ( Beta vulgaris L.) sweet peppers Capsicum annuum open field systems. Fertility included a green manure...

Managing pests in carrot production is challenging. Endophytic microbes have been demonstrated to improve the health and productivity of many crops, but factors affecting endophyte dynamics still not well understood. The goal this study was determine how crop management system genotype interact affect composition potential endophytes mitigate disease caused by Alternaria dauci, an important pathogen. Twenty-eight unique isolates were collected from taproots nine diverse genotypes grown a...

This study evaluated the effects of in-row groundcovers (bare ground, brassica seed meal, cultivation, wood chip mulch, legume cover crop, and non-legume crop) three compost rates (48, 101, 152 kg available nitrogen (N)/ha/year) on soil carbon (C) pools, biological activity, N supply, fruit yield, tree growth in a newly planted apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard. We used nonlinear regression analysis C mineralization curves to differentiate into active slow pools. Bare ground...

Local production of organic tomatoes marketed directly to consumers is growing rapidly in the U.S. Midwest. Growers serving this market need cultivars that are well adapted local climatic conditions, competitive under management, and have end-use quality characteristics desired by their customers. Participatory plant breeding a powerful, cost-effective approach with potential engage growers development new optimally farming systems. To initiate participatory program for an online grower...

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that can accumulate in edible plant tissues and negatively impact human health. Traditional Cd quantification methods are time-consuming, expensive, generate lot of waste, slowing development to reduce uptake. The objective this study was determine whether hyperspectral imaging (HSI) machine learning (ML) be used predict concentrations plants using kale (Brassica oleracea) basil (Ocimum basilicum) as model crops. experiments were conducted an automated...

Soil salinization and heavy metal (HM) contamination are major challenges facing agricultural systems worldwide. Determining how soil microbial communities respond to these stress factors identifying individual phylotypes with potential tolerate conditions while promoting plant growth could help prevent negative impacts on crop productivity. This study used amplicon sequencing several bioinformatic programs characterize differences in the composition functional capabilities of bacterial,...

The trend towards crop specialization and increased farm size in U.S. agricultural systems has had negative economic environmental impacts. On large, specialized farms, bottlenecks labor occur, a significant amount of seasonal is underutilized. This study was conducted to determine if this could be allocated the production supplemental enterprises. A linear programming analysis confirmed that 2,807 hours underutilized exists typical corn-soybean rotation integration crops evaluated our are...