Abstract Mitochondrial function can provide key insights into how fish will respond to climate change, due its important role in heart performance, energy metabolism and oxidative stress. However, whether warm acclimation maintain or improve the energetic status of when exposed short-term heat stress is not well understood. We acclimated Atlantic salmon, a highly aerobic eurythermal species, 12 20 °C, then measured cardiac mitochondrial functionality integrity at °C 24, 26 28 (this species’...

Nitrite secures essential nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in hypoxia at low endogenous concentrations, whereas it becomes toxic high concentrations. We exposed brown trout to normoxic and hypoxic water the absence presence of added ambient nitrite decipher cellular metabolism effects basal elevated concentrations under different oxygen regimes. also tested hypotheses concerning influences on branchial synthase (NOS), Na+/K+-ATPase (nka) heat shock protein (hsp70) mRNA expression. Basal...

When exposed to anoxia insects rapidly go into a hypometabolic coma from which they can recover when normoxia again. However, prolonged anoxic bouts eventually lead death in most insects, although some species are surprisingly tolerant. Anoxia challenges ATP, ion, pH and water homeostasis, but it is not clear how fast what degree each of these parameters disrupted during anoxia, nor quickly recover. Further, has been investigated disruptions the primary source tissue damage that ultimately...

In fishes, the effect of O2 limitation on cardiac mitochondrial function remains largely unexplored. The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) encounters considerable variations in environmental oxygen availability, and is an interesting model for studying effects hypoxia fish cardiorespiratory function. We investigated how vivo hypoxic acclimation (6 months at 40%+3 weeks 20% air saturation) vitro anoxia-reoxygenation affected respiration reactive species (ROS) release rates using high-resolution...

There is growing evidence that maintenance of ion and water balance determines cold tolerance in many insects. The hindgut terrestrial insects critical for maintaining organismal homeostasis as it regulates solute the haemolymph. Here, we used ex vivo everted gut sacs Locustamigratoria to examine effects temperature (0-30°C), thermal acclimation, hypoxia, ionic osmotic forces on bulk (Na+, K+ Cl-) movement across rectal epithelium. These findings were related simultaneous measurements...

In fish, the capacity of thermal acclimation to preserve cardiac mitochondrial function under future warming scenarios is important understand given central roles that energy metabolism and performance play in this taxa's tolerance. We acclimated Atlantic salmon 12 20°C (for >2 months), investigated effects acute chronic on respiration reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (release rate) using high-resolution fluorespirometry. Further, we compared sensitivity nitric oxide (i.e. NO IC50),...

The copepod Eurytemora affinis has an unusually broad salinity range, as some populations have recently invaded freshwater habitats independently from their ancestral saline habitats. Prior studies shown evolutionary shifts in ion transporter activity during invasions and localization of transporters newly discovered "Crusalis organs" the swimming legs. goals this study were to localize quantify expression transport enzymes V-type H(+)-ATPase (VHA) Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) legs E. determine...

Recent research suggest that anoxia-tolerant fish transfer extracellular nitrite into the tissues, where it is used for nitric oxide (NO) generation, iron-nitrosylation, and S-nitrosation of proteins, as part cytoprotective response toward prolonged hypoxia subsequent reoxygenation. We hypothesized crucian carp take up ambient use a source cellular NO availability during hypoxia. Fish were exposed 1 day to normoxia (Po 2 > 140 mmHg) deep (1 < Po 3 at both low (< 0.2 μM) moderately...

In most vertebrates, oxygen deprivation and subsequent re-oxygenation are associated with mitochondrial impairment excess production of reactive species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H

Nitric oxide (NO) modulates epithelial ion transport pathways in mammals, but this remains largely unexamined fish. We explored the involvement of NO controlling NaCl secretion by opercular epithelium seawater killifish using an Ussing chamber approach. Pharmacological agents were used to explore mechanism(s) triggering action. A modified Biotin-switch technique was investigate S-nitrosation proteins. Stimulation endogenous production via nitric synthase (NOS) substrate l-arginine (2.0 mmol...

Metabolic depression and dormancy (i.e., stopping/greatly reducing activity feeding) are strategies used by many animals to survive winter conditions characterized food shortages cold temperatures. However, controversy exists on whether the reduced metabolism of some fishes at temperatures is due alone, or also involves active metabolic depression. Thus, we acclimated winter-dormant cunner [Tautogolabrus adspersus, a north temperate wrasse which in Newfoundland northern limit its...

Recent research has shown that nitric oxide (NO) produced by synthases (NOS) is an inhibitor of ion transporter activity and a modulator epithelial transport in fish, but little known on changes the NOS/NO system during osmotic stress. We hypothesized responds to salinity as integrated part acclimation process. Expression localization nos1/Nos1 nos2/Nos2 were investigated gill, kidney, intestine freshwater (FW)- seawater (SW)-transferred trout using quantitative PCR, Western blotting,...

We report a profound upregulation of most egln paralog mRNA levels in anoxia and upon reoxygenation, with egln3ii showing the largest, 17-fold increase, highest relative abundance. The abundance prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins was maintained during increased at reoxygenation. PHD immunoreactivity localized to axonal branches region-specific changes anoxia-reoxygenation. These dynamic regional crucian carp, champion tolerance, are likely adaptive call for further mechanistic studies.

The insect gut, which plays a role in ion and water balance, has been shown to leak solutes the cold. Cold stress can also activate immune systems, but it is unknown whether of gut microbiome possible trigger We developed novel feeding protocol load locusts (Locusta migratoria) with fluorescent bacteria before exposing them -2°C for up 48 h. No were recovered from hemolymph cold-exposed locusts, regardless exposure duration. To examine this further, we used an ex vivo sac preparation re-test...

The dynamic interactions between nitric oxide (NO) and myoglobin (Mb) in the cardiovascular system have received considerable attention. loss of Mb, principal O2 carrier a NO scavenger/producer, heart some red-blooded fishes provides unique opportunity for assessing this globin’s role homeostasis mitochondrial function. We measured Mb content, activities enzymes aerobic metabolism [NO Synthase (NOS) citrate synthase, respectively] parameters [Complex-I -I+II respiration, coupling efficiency,...

O estudo analisou as percepções e práticas relacionadas com a responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) na indústria relojoeira suíça, reunindo dados de doze marcas relógios luxo suíças tamanhos variados, utilizando entrevistas qualitativas. Os resultados sugerem que indústria, historicamente muito reservada, está se tornando cada vez mais consciente da importância RSC e, portanto, investindo nela particularmente nos últimos dez anos. As viam sua participação no segmento como uma razão...

Abstract The insect gut, which plays a role in ion and water balance, has been shown to leak solutes the cold. Cold stress can also activate immune systems, but it is unknown if of gut microbiome possible trigger We developed novel feeding protocol load locusts ( Locusta migratoria ) with fluorescent bacteria before exposing them -2°C for up 48 h. No were recovered from hemolymph cold-exposed locusts, regardless exposure duration. To examine this further, we used an ex vivo sac preparation...