The spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity is mainly influenced by barriers to dispersal. nature such varies according the dispersal means and capabilities organisms concerned. Although these are often obvious on land, in ocean they can be more difficult identify. Determining relative influence physical biotic factors connectivity remains a major challenge for marine ecologists. Here, we compare gene flow patterns 7 littoral fish species from 6 families with range...

Abstract Aim To investigate the phylogeography of aposematic wood tiger moth ( Parasemia plantaginis ) across its Holarctic distribution and to explore how genetic structure relates geographical differences in hindwing warning coloration males females. Males have polymorphic coloration, while female varies continuously, but no analyses or exist. Location The Holarctic. Methods We sequenced a fragment mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene COI from 587 specimens. also examined more...

Colour is often used as an aposematic warning signal, with predator learning expected to lead a single colour pattern within population. However, there are many puzzling cases where signals also polymorphic. The wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, displays bright hindwing colours associated unpalatability, and males have discrete morphs which vary in frequency between localities. In Finland, both white yellow can be found, these differ behavioural life-history traits. Here, we show that...

Many animals protect themselves from predation with chemicals, both self-made or sequestered their diet. The potential drivers of the diversity these chemicals have been long studied, but our knowledge and acquisition mode is heavily based on specialist herbivores that sequester defenses. wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis, Linnaeus, 1758) a well-studied aposematic species, nature its chemical defenses has not fully described . Here, we report presence two methoxypyrazines,...

Many plants and animals advertise unpalatability through warning signals in the form of colour shape. Variation within local populations is not expected because they are subject to directional selection. However, mounting evidence signal variation suggests that other selective forces may be acting. Moreover, different pressures act on individual components a signal. At present, we have limited understanding about how multiple selection processes operate simultaneously components, even less...

The definition of colour polymorphism is intuitive: genetic variants express discretely coloured phenotypes. This classification is, however, elusive as humans form subjective categories or ignore differences that cannot be seen by human eyes. We demonstrate an example a 'cryptic morph' in polymorphic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis), phenomenon may common among well-studied species. used pedigree data from nearly 20,000 individuals to infer the inheritance hindwing colouration. evidence...

The accurate identification of genetic partitioning is primarily importance when devising conservation management strategies for today’s marine resources. great variety structure displayed by demersal species underscores the need common patterns that can be found across species. Here, we analyse allele frequency variation at 10 microsatellite loci two congener fish, red mullet ( Mullus barbatus ) and striped surmuletus ), from Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea. results indicate different gene...

Intraspecific competition is a pervasive phenomenon with important ecological and evolutionary consequences, yet its effect in natural populations remains controversial. Although numerous studies suggest that many cases across all organisms are limited by density‐dependent processes, this conclusion often relies on correlative data. Here, using an experimental approach, we examined the of intraspecific population regulation ant Aphaenogaster senilis . In species females philopatric while...

Insect metamorphosis is one of the most recognized processes delimiting transitions between phenotypes. It has been traditionally postulated as an adaptive process decoupling traits life stages, allowing evolutionary independence pre- and post-metamorphic However, degree autonomy these stages varies depending on species not studied in detail over multiple simultaneously. Here, we reared full-sib larvae warningly coloured wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) different temperatures examined...

ABSTRACT Background Diploid genome assembly is typically impeded by heterozygosity because it introduces errors when haplotypes are collapsed into a consensus sequence. Trio binning offers an innovative solution that exploits for assembly. Short, parental reads used to assign origin long from their F1 offspring before assembly, enabling complete haplotype resolution. could therefore provide effective strategy assembling highly heterozygous genomes, which traditionally problematic, such as...

Antibiotics have long been used in the raising of animals for agricultural, industrial or laboratory use. The use subtherapeutic doses diets terrestrial and aquatic to promote growth is common highly debated. Despite their vast application animal husbandry, knowledge about mechanisms behind promotion minimal, particularly at molecular level. Evidence from evolutionary research shows that immunocompetence resource-limited, hence expected trade off with other resource-demanding processes, such...

Viruses are key actors of ecosystems and have major impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. Prophages deserve particular attention as they ubiquitous in bacterial genomes can enter a lytic cycle when triggered by environmental conditions. We explored how temperature affects the interactions between prophages other biological levels using an opportunistic pathogen, bacterium Serratia marcescens, which harbours several that had undergone evolution experiment under regimes. found release one...

Conspicuous cyclic changes in population density characterize many populations of small northern rodents. The extreme crashes individual number are expected to reduce the amount genetic variation within a during crash phases cycle. By long-term monitoring bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population, we show that despite substantial and repetitive size, high heterozygosity is maintained throughout striking fluctuation fact only slightly reduced allelic richness phases. Effective sizes remained...

Gene flow is the main force opposing divergent selection, and its effects are greater in populations close proximity. Thus, complete reproductive isolation between parapatric not expected, particularly absence of ecological adaptation sharp environmental differences. Here, we explore biogeographical patterns an endemic ant species, Cataglyphis floricola, for which two colour morphs (black bicolour) coexist parapatry throughout continuous sandy habitat southern Spain. Discriminant analyses...

Abstract Variability in warning signals is common but remains puzzling since deviations from the most form should result a higher number of predator attacks. One explanation may lie constraints due to genetic correlations between colour and other traits under selection. To explore relationship variation different life-history traits, we used an extensive data set comprising 64,741 individuals Finnish Estonian population wood tiger moths, Arctia plantaginis, that have been maintained...

The Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) suffered a striking collapse of its populations during the first half 20th century due to excessive hunting. In Andalusia, southern Spain, re-colonization took place from few relict through natural dispersal, and artificial reintroductions for big-game How population decline influenced genetic diversity, current distribution after intensive hunting practices are unclear. We addressed these questions by analyzing nuclear microsatellite...

Understanding historical range expansions and population demography can be crucial for the conservation management of endangered species. In doing so, valuable information obtained regarding, example, identification isolated populations, associations to particular habitats distribution shifts. As poikilotherms, snakes are vulnerable environmental changes that greatly shape their ranges. Here we used mitochondrial data elucidate origin smooth snake in Åland island, which is northernmost...

Abstract We have developed nine new microsatellite markers for the two‐banded sea bream ( Diplodus vulgaris ) from an enriched genome library protocol. All these loci are polymorphic, with mean allelic diversity of 13 (range 5 –21), and expected observed heterozygosities 0.641 to 0.932 0.428 0.914, respectively. Cross‐species tests in two close‐related species genus D. sargus O. melanura revealed successful amplifications at 8 out 9 loci, allele number 4.75 2–8) 5.50 3 –10), These results...

Abstract Colour is often used as an aposematic warning signal, with predator learning expected to lead a single colour pattern within population. However, there are many puzzling cases where signals also polymorphic. The wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis , displays bright hindwing colours associated unpalatability, and males have discrete morphs which vary in frequency between localities. In Finland, both white yellow can be found, these differ behavioural life-history traits. Here, we...

The current magnitude of big-game hunting has outpaced the natural growth populations, making artificial breeding necessary to rapidly boost hunted populations. In this study, we evaluated if rapid increase red deer (Cervus elaphus) abundance, caused by growing popularity hunting, impacted genetic diversity species. We compared several metrics between 37 fenced populations subject intensive management and 21 wild free-ranging also included a historically protected population from national...

Dispersal is an important step in animal's life cycle, one consequence of which reducing local mate and resource competition. often achieved during unique special movement, from the birthplace to a new appropriate area where settle reproduce. However, species this movement limited by history tradeoffs, we may expect dispersal be promoted also routine movements occurring throughout animal’s stimulated other activities like foraging or search nesting conditions. Here employ multidisciplinary...