We study the difference between ex post and ante perspectives in equality of opportunity. show that well documented conflicts compensation reward are but an aspect a broader conflict perspectives. The literature takes goal providing equal opportunities as guiding principle generally considers this is implemented only when, , all individuals with same effort obtain success. It easy to believe another natural embodiment idea. not true.

Social exclusion manifests itself in the persistent relative lack of an individual's access to functionings compared with other members society, and we model it as being a state deprivation over time. We view having two basic determinants: identification aggregate alienation experienced by agent respect those fewer functioning failures. Using axiomatic approach, characterize new individual measures social exclusion. The are then applied EU data for period 1994–2001.

Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality opportunity various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents comparison ex-ante measures economic (IEO) across 41 and Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines correlations between these indices output per capita, income inequality, intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence "Kuznets curve"...

Inequality of opportunity is defined as the difference in individuals’ outcome systematically correlated with morally irrelevant pre-determined circumstances, such ethnicity, socio-economic background, area birth. This definition has been extensively studied by economists on assumption that, addition to being normatively undesirable, it can be related low potentials for growth. However, empirical estimations inequality require accessing rich data sources, rarely available poorer countries....

This study provides comparable lower-bound estimates of inequality opportunity for tertiary education (EIOp) 31 countries in Europe, by using the two EU-SILC waves which information on family background is available (2005 and 2011). The results reveal an important degree heterogeneity, with Northern European showing low levels Mediterranean Eastern characterized significant degrees unfair educational inequalities. Parental occupation are most relevant circumstances great majority considered....

In this paper we provide a new methodology to measure opportunity inequality and decompose overall in an "ethically offensive" acceptable" part. Moreover, some empirical applications of these evaluation tools: the first exercise, compare income distributions South North Italy on basis inequality. Then, repeat exercise using cognitive abilities sample 15-year old students. both circumstances find that less developed regions are characterized by greater incidence opportunity.

This paper analyses the extent of income inequality and opportunity in 25 European countries. The present work contributes to understanding origin standard inequality, helping identify potential institutional setups that are associated inequality. We distinguish between ex ante post find equality exhibits positive correlation with public expenditure education, whereas is also positively union presence fiscal redistribution.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes and discusses two different approaches to the definition of inequality in health: ex‐ante ex‐post approach. It strategies for measuring opportunity health based on path‐independent Atkinson equality index. The proposed methodology is illustrated using data from British Household Panel Survey; results suggest that period 2000–2005, at least one‐third observed equalities UK were opportunity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this paper, we argue that a better understanding of the relationship between inequality and economic growth can be obtained by shifting analysis from space final achievements to opportunities. To end, introduce formal framework based on concept Opportunity Growth Incidence Curve. This used evaluate income dynamics specific groups population infer role in evolution opportunity over time. We show relevance introduced providing two empirical analyses, one for Italy other Brazil. These...