"This paper considers the problem of social evaluation in a model where population size, individual lifetime utilities, lengths life, and birth dates vary across states. In an intertemporal framework, we investigate principles for that allow history to matter some extent. Using axiom called independence utilities dead, provide characterization critical-level generalized utilitarian rules. As by-product our analysis, show discounting is ruled out welfarist environment. A simple...

We propose a characterization of popular index multidimensional poverty which, as special case, generates measure material deprivation. This is the weighted sum functioning failures. The important feature variables that may be relevant for assessments they are discrete in nature. Thus, measures based on continuous not suitable this setting and assumption domain mandatory. apply to European Union member states where concept deprivation was initiated illustrate how its recommendations differ...

Social exclusion manifests itself in the persistent relative lack of an individual's access to functionings compared with other members society, and we model it as being a state deprivation over time. We view having two basic determinants: identification aggregate alienation experienced by agent respect those fewer functioning failures. Using axiomatic approach, characterize new individual measures social exclusion. The are then applied EU data for period 1994–2001.

This paper characterizes an index that is informationally richer than the commonly used ethno-linguistic fractionalization (ELF) index. Our measure of takes as a primitive individuals, opposed to ethnic groups, and uses information on similarities among them. Compared existing indices, our does not require individuals are pre-assigned exogenously determined categories or groups. We provide empirical illustration how can be operationalized what difference it makes compared standard ELF...

We provide an axiomatic treatment of the measurement economic insecurity, assuming that individual insecurity depends on current wealth level and its variations experienced in past. The first component plays role a buffer stock to rely case adverse future event. second determines confidence has her ability overcome loss future. Two classes linear measures are characterized with sets plausible intuitive axioms and, for each these classes, important subclass is identified.

Advances in technology have made it possible for us to take actions that affect the numbers and identities of humans other animals will live future. Effective inexpensive birth control, child allowances, genetic screening, safe abortion, vitro fertilization, education young women, sterilization programs, environmental degradation war all these effects.

ABSTRACT The conditions of strong Condorcet winner consistency and loser are, in essence, universally accepted as attractive criteria to evaluate the performance social choice functions. However, there are many situations which these silent because such winners losers may not exist. Hence, weakening desiderata extend domain profiles where they apply is an appealing task. Yet, often‐proposed weak counterparts properties suffer from shortcoming that it possible for all be at same time, thus...

This article analyzes the measurement of diversity sets based on dissimilarity objects contained in set. We discuss axiomatic approaches to and examine considerations underlying application specific measures. Our focus is descriptive issues: rather than assuming a ethical position or restricting attention properties that are appealing applications, we address foundations issue as such context diversity.