Plants can metabolize the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) by forming masked deoxynivalenol-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G). D3G might be cleaved during digestion, thus increasing total DON burden of an individual. Due to a lack in vivo data, has not been included various regulatory limits established for so far. The aim our study was contribute risk assessment determination its metabolism pigs. Four piglets received water, (116 μg/kg b.w.) and equimolar amount (75 gavage on day 1, 5 9...

Streptococcus suis is an important meningitis-causing pathogen in pigs and humans. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been identified as host defense mechanism against different pathogens. Here, NETs were detected the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of S. suis-infected piglets despite presence active nucleases. To study NET-formation NET-degradation after transmigration neutrophils through choroid plexus epithelial cell barrier, a previously described model human blood-CSF barrier was...

Three genetically defined Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 mutants with deletions in the small (tbpB), large (tbpA), and both transferrin binding protein genes were constructed examined an aerosol infection model. Neither mutant caused clinical disease or could be reisolated, no immune response detected 21 days after infection. This result clearly implies that each on its own is a virulence factor of A. 7.

Intensive pig and poultry production are predominantly performed in confined livestock buildings which equipped with mechanical ventilation systems. The frequency of heat stress will increase due to climate change. Heat events accompanied by performance depressions (e.g. daily weight gain, egg production, mortality, feed conversion rate). Consequently, appropriate air treatment devices can become necessary optimise the indoor because a high inlet temperature. In this study, we analysed...

Abstract Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A.pp) causes severe pneumonia associated with enormous economic loss in pigs. Peracute diseased pigs die <24 h pneumonia. Neutrophils are the prominent innate immune cell this infection that massively infiltrate infected lung. Here we show neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as response to A.pp infection. Numerous NET-markers were identified bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of A.pp- piglets vivo, however, most NET fibers...

The economic assessment of animal diseases is essential for decision-making, including the allocation resources disease control. However, that usually hampered by lack reliable data on incidence, or treatment and control measures, particularly true swine production diseases, such as infections caused Streptococcus suis . Therefore, we deployed a questionnaire survey clinical veterinarians to obtain input needed stochastic model calculate costs S. , which was implemented in three main...

Background Swine are important hosts for influenza A viruses playing a crucial role in the epidemiology and interspecies transmission of these viruses. Respiratory epithelial cells primary target Methodology/Principal Findings To analyze infection porcine airway by viruses, we established precision-cut lung slices as culture system differentiated respiratory cells. Both ciliated mucus-producing were found to be susceptible swine virus (H3N2 subtype) with high titers infectious released into...

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the economically most important pathogens for swine production worldwide. Vaccination a powerful tool to control porcine diseases (PCVD). However, it not fully understood how PCV2 vaccination interacts with immune system. Especially knowledge on cellular response against sparse. In this study we analysed antigen-specific T cell responses in controlled and infection experiment. We focused ability CD4+ cells produce cytokines using multicolour flow...

Pigs and poultry are raised predominantly at high stocking densities in confined, insulated livestock buildings with mechanical ventilation systems. These systems quite sensitive to heat stress, which has increased recent decades from anthropogenic warming. A dataset of hourly meteorological data 1981 2017 was used drive a steady-state balance model for sensible latent that simulates the indoor climate conventional reference system, this predict effect global warming on growing-fattening...

In the mid-latitudes, pigs and poultry are kept predominantly in confined livestock buildings with a mechanical ventilation system. last decades, global warming has already been challenge which causes hat stress for animals such systems. Heat inside was assessed by simulation model indoor climate, is driven meteorological parameters. Besides conditions, thermal environment building depends on sensible latent energy release of animals, properties system its control unit. For site Austria...

Abstract Background Prevention of iron deficiency in suckling piglets by intramuscular injection a standardized amount dextran or gleptoferron the first days life can lead to over- underdosage with respective health risks. Currently, combined products containing an active substance against coccidia are also used on farms. When using combination product targeting two diseases, adjustment necessary prevent anaemia frame farm-specific treatment protocol is not possible. The aim this study was...

ABSTRACT Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , a porcine respiratory tract pathogen, has been shown to express transferrin-binding proteins and urease during infection. Both activities have associated with virulence; however, their functional role for infection not yet elucidated. We used two isogenic A. single mutants (Δ exbB Δ ureC ) newly constructed double mutant in aerosol experiments. Neither the nor was able colonize sufficiently long initiate detectable humoral immune response. These...

Abstract Precision-cut lung slices of pigs were infected with five swine influenza A viruses different subtypes (A/sw/Potsdam/15/1981 H1N1, A/sw/Bad Griesbach/IDT5604/2006 A/sw/Bakum/1832/2000 H1N2, A/sw/Damme/IDT5673/2006 H3N2, A/sw/Herford/IDT5932/2007 H3N2). The able to infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells. infection well-differentiated respiratory epithelial cells by was analyzed respect the kinetics virus release into supernatant. highest titres determined for H3N2/2006 H3N2/2007...

Ammonia and odour are the most relevant pollutants emitted from livestock buildings used for monogastric animal production. Whereas can cause annoyance in close vicinity of source, emission ammonia is a precursor formation particulate matter acidification on regional scale. Because clean air regulation Europe, total emissions reduced by 23% between 1990 2015 whilst, over same period, anthropogenic warming became more evident. By simulation indoor climate confined building with mechanical...

This study examined climate change impacts (CCI) on productivity of pig production systems, their resource use, environmental and the relevance potential adaptation options. The impact increasing temperature temperature-humidity index (THI) performance pigs in confined housing systems was analysed by a meta-analysis. Using data for an Austrian site period 1981 to 2010, different scenarios (cold year, warm hot worst case scenario) were modelled compared. Although significant differences...

Using ceftiofur during the first days of life is a common preventative strategy against several bacterial diseases in pig production. This study aimed to evaluate short- and long-term effects early use on fecal microbiota development suckling growing pigs. Sixty-four piglets from eight litters were assigned antibiotic (AB; n = 32) or control group (control; 32). Twelve hours postpartum (day 0) AB received an intramuscular injection (5.0 mg/kg body weight) placebo. DNA was extracted samples...

Global warming has caused an increase in frequency and degree of heat stress over the last decades. In conventional livestock husbandry systems with insulated buildings, mechanical ventilation high stocking density pigs poultry can be more affected by climate change than free range systems. To reduce adaptation measures are used. This article assesses a wide variety including energy-saving air treatment systems, which cool inlet (e.g. cooling pads, earth-air-heat exchanger), use certain...

Clinical outbreaks due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and subclinical infections have high impact on swine health status worldwide although several commercial vaccines are available. Autogenous vaccination programs implemented when APP occur in commercially vaccinated herds. The identification characterization of the involved serotypes is therefore crucial for implementation preventive strategies antimicrobial usage reduction farm. Interpretation serotyping results obtained by...

Oral infection with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) may cause severe enteritis, followed in up to 10% of cases by an extraintestinal complication, the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS is characterized a triad symptoms: anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure due thrombotic microangiopathy. EHEC produces several virulence factors, among which family phage-encoded cytotoxins, called Shiga toxin 1 2, seems be most important. However, since appropriate animal model not...

ABSTRACT Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is able to survive on respiratory epithelia, in tonsils, and anaerobic environment encapsulated sequesters. It was previously demonstrated that a deletion dimethyl sulfoxide reductase gene ( dmsA ) results attenuation acute disease (N. Baltes, S. Kyaw, I. Hennig-Pauka, G. F. Gerlach, Infect. Immun. 71: 6784-6792, 2003). In present study, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis...