This review highlights key historical works and the recent research on monocot lateral meristems. It discusses terminological issues (elucidating inconsistency found in literature concerned), origination of secondary meristems, their morphology characteristic features derivative tissues. Also cambium response to hormonal gravitational stimuli is discussed. The summarized inputs present note are believed renew interest this field, which important for a more comprehensive understanding...

Oaks’ decline in vitality is attributed to a complex process that involves interactions of several factors leading increased trees’ mortality. This study investigates the structure trunk wood oaks with reference its physiological role hydraulic conductivity. On basis crown condition, were classified into three health groups: healthy trees, declining trees and dead trees. Anatomical traits wood, such as annual ring width, vessel density, diameter earlywood theoretical conductivity, measured...

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widespread species throughout Europe and at the same time dominant in Polish forests of key importance wood industry. Pine stands are subjected to numerous environmental stresses, one them different physico-chemical biological properties post-agricultural soils compared forest soils, which may affect resulting its industrial suitability. The research material taken height 1.3 m from tree trunks (breast diameter, dbh) form sections discs was collected an...

The aim of this study was to use diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) non-thermal plasma for the disinfection pine seed surfaces infected with Fusarium oxysporum spores. Artificially seeds Scots (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated following exposure times: 1 s, 3 5 10 15 20 30 and 60 subsequently germinated on agar medium in Petri dishes at room temperature estimation germination effect treatment. Results samples compared control samples, which prepared as follows: uninfected...

The aim of this work was to examine the anatomy and functioning secondary xylem in stems relation decline European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.).• We tested hypothesis that declining trees show changes structure wood, which result impaired water transport.• Anatomical analyses were carried out on wood samples (comprising all annual rings formed during 30 years life analysed trees) collected at breast height from main stem healthy, weakened dead trees.The width increments, diameter density...

The purpose of this study was to better understand the interactive impact two soil-borne pathogens, Phytophthora cactorum and Armillaria gallica, on seedlings silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) subjected stress caused by mechanical defoliation, simulating primary insect feeding. This is first experimental confirmation seedling root damage (and in consequence shoot mortality) additive effect defoliation P. inoculation via soil. However, most severe roots occurred after A. gallica...

The development of woody plants is related to the continuity procambium and cambium. Whether such a present in with successive cambia, especially those, where first cambium formed outside primary vascular bundles, has not been analyzed so far. Therefore, we studied meristem Celosia argentea, which cambial cylinders arise bundles and, intriguingly, literature are interpreted as developmentally independent structures. Our results showed that C. outermost procambial cells maintain their...

Since the 1990s, a decline of riparian black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) has been observed over Europe. The fungus-like eukaryotic pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. is thought to be causal agent this process; however, abiotic factors may also involved. Previous studies suggest that climate conditions and, especially, depletion groundwater level among most important trigger phenomenon. We investigated radial growth and wood vessel diameter trees various vigour classes as well their...

Wood technology is constantly looking for environmentally friendly technological solutions. It seems that nanotechnology can provide green and alternatives wood protection. In this study, the antifungal activity of silver copper nanoparticles against white rot fungus Fomes fomentarius was investigated under in vitro conditions with respect to protection Fagus sylvatica wood. both experiments, 5, 25 50 ppm were used. The results test showed selective nanoparticles. All concentrations...

This paper deals with the spatial distribution of heartwood in Scots pine stems (Pinus sylvestris L.), determined on basis absence nuclei parenchyma cells. Samples were collected at several heights from two growing fresh coniferous stand as codominant trees. Transverse and radial sections cut samples stained acetocarmine to detect I2KI show starch grains. Unstained also observed under ultraviolet (UV) light reveal cell wall lignification. The shapes ray axial cells differed: had rounded...

Abstract Tree provenance trials are believed to be a valuable tool for assessing the adaptive potential of population changing environment and ultimately predicting populations that best adapted global warming. Here, phenotypic plasticity morphometric traits needles lateral shoots pines growing in plot central Poland was examined assess inter- intra-population variability. No significant differences were found measured counted features, i.e., needle length (NL), cumulative (CNL), thickness...

Pathogen diseases are increasingly threatening forest trees under the current climate change, causing a remarkable decrease in stability of ecosystems. Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback due to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been noted Poland since 1992 and spread over many European countries. The aim this study was test hypothesis that ash affected by could exhibit reduced vessel size density along trunk, as well lowered width annual wood rings, leading weakening water transport towards...

In Dracaena draco trunks, the primary and secondary xylem conduits co-function. Both are resistant to embolism; however, mainly involved in mechanical support. Monocotyledonous dragon trees (Dracaena spp., Asparagaceae) possess their trunks both elements, organized into vascular bundles, that for dozens of years co-function enable plant transport water efficiently as well provide Here, based on modified Hagen-Poiseuille's formula, we examined functional anatomical traits trunk two young D....

Abstract The dragon tree, Dracaena draco, is a vulnerable species. In response to stress it forms aerial roots (AR). Although the exact function of these AR unknown, has been subject speculation on basis morphological observations. This study aims investigate structural organization D. draco compared background structure its soil roots. material was obtained from collection trees growing at Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo" Gran Canaria as well plants commercial nursery. Based...

The main purpose of this investigation was to describe the spatial arrangement shoot tissues, as seen in transverse section, and allometric relationships two contrasting species Polygonatum i.e., odoratum which commonly grows mixed pine-oak forest with shoots rectangular shape, multiflorum found oak-hornbeam cylindrical shoots. mass length aerial each individual plant were measured. regions then categorized basal (b), central (c) or apical (a). Transverse sections these subsequently cut,...

The investigation described herein discusses the morpho-anatomical characteristics of xylem parenchyma cells European ash stems undergoing heartwood formation.The research material comprised cross and radial sections wood obtained from at breast height 91-year-old trees, half which had visible dieback symptoms.The section samples was stained with acetocarmine to detect nuclei I 2 KI solution observe starch grains in cells, both axial systems.Additionally, microscopic slides were Alcianblue...