Twenty-one asthmatic patients participated in a single blind, crossover study comparing the effects of aerosol and oral salbutamol (a beta-adrenergic bronchodilator), on exercise-induced bronchospasm. By both routes administration, (albuterol) produced significant bronchodilatation at rest, but only effectively prevented post-exercise bronchospasm most patients. Because is common problem children adults with asthma, these observations are relevant to drug therapy The existence separate...

Hyperosmolarity of the airway surface liquid (ASL) has been proposed as stimulus for hyperpnoea-induced asthma. We found previously that mucociliary clearance (MCC) was increased after isocapnic hyperventilation (ISH) with dry air, and we increase related to transient hyperosmolarity ASL. investigated effect increasing osmolarity ASL on MCC, by administering an aerosol concentrated salt solution. MCC measured using 99mTc-sulphur colloid, gamma camera computer analysis in 12 asthmatic 10...

Abstract Using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as osteoclast precursors, we showed that dexamethasone stimulated generation at a pharmacological concentration but did not affect the life span of osteoclasts. Dexamethasone also dose-dependently increased signals for osteoclastogenesis. Introduction: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is common and serious disease. Glucocorticoids predominantly osteoblast proliferation span. Much bone loss caused by reduced formation, there an...

Eight asthmatic patients and two normal subjects performed identical exercise tests 140 minutes apart (first test preceded by inhalation of saline the second terbutaline sulphate). A ninth patient exercised twice after placebo 40 apart. Arterial plasma levels histamine cyclic AMP, expiratory flow rates volumes were measured at rest during exercise. After first mean +/- SEM fall in PEFR was 45.2 2.6%. In five asthmatics there an increase (mean 14.8 3.3 pmol ml-1) coinciding with...

To determine the independent and commingling effect of android gynoid percent fat (measured using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults.The 2005-2006 data (n=1802) from United States National Health Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) were used this study. Associations fat, their joint occurrence with risks risk factors estimated prevalence odds ratios logistic regression analyses.Android-gynoid ratio was more highly...

The mechanisms of insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat have not been clearly established but increased diacylglycerol-protein kinase C (DAG-PKC) signalling has associated with decreased glucose utilisation states and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. purpose this study was to characterise tissue- isoform-selective differences DAG-PKC insulin-sensitive tissues from rats, assess effects feeding on pathways. Groups male (fa/fa, n=24) lean (fa/-, rats were studied after baseline...

Mannitol inhalation increases urinary excretion of 9alpha,11beta-prostaglandin F2 (a metabolite prostaglandin D2 and marker mast cell activation) leukotriene E4. The present study tested the hypothesis that beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists disodium cromoglycate (SCG) protect against mannitol-induced bronchoconstriction by inhibition mediator release. Fourteen asthmatic subjects inhaled mannitol (mean dose 252+/-213 mg) in order to induce a fall forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) > or =...

Anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drugs are powerful therapeutic agents for a wide range of disorders. However, they do have recognized side-effects, most which related to the dose and duration therapy. Thus, short courses even high doses very few adverse effects. A detailed knowledge long-term side-effects their incidence will assist physician in making informed judgements on potential benefits treatment with these drugs.

We studied, separately, the effects of histamine antagonist, fexofenadine hydrochloride, and leukotriene montelukast sodium, their placebos on airway sensitivity to recovery from inhaled mannitol in subjects with asthma. Two 180-mg doses were taken over 14 h, three 10-mg 36 last dose 5 h before challenge. Fexofenadine reduced PD(15) was (mean [95% confidence interval] 138 [95, 201]) mg versus placebo (51 [25, 106] mg) (p < 0.001). The final percent reduction FEV(1) 20.8 +/- 5.4% not...

Comparison of the risk-benefit profiles different inhaled glucocorticoids has been limited by inadequate information about dose-response relationships for efficacy relative to side effects. Fluticasone propionate (FP) is twice as effective budesonide (BUD), but potency ratio FP:BUD with respect suppression cortisol production unknown. The effects 5 d treatment BUD (800, 1,600, and 3,200 μ g/d via pMDI) FP (750, 1,500, 2,000 on integrated area under curve 24-h plasma (AUC24h) were compared in...

We investigated the effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on airway sensitivity (provocative dose producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) from baseline (PD20)) and reactivity (slope dose-response curve) to aerosols hyperosmolar (4.5%) saline, histamine or methacholine. This was an open study 13 patients referred laboratory by their respiratory physician for investigation asthma. These challenges were performed separate days before (initial visit) 8.8...

During incubation with calcium ionophore A23187, sensitized and unsensitized guinea‐pig chopped lung released a slow‐reacting substance (SRS) histamine. SRS possessed many characteristics of anaphylaxis (SRS‐A). It was inactivated by arylsulphatase, antagonized FPL55712 (1 μg/ml) more stable in alkali than acid. Furthermore, it behaved like SRS‐A stimulating arachidonic acid metabolism isolated perfused lungs. Maximal generation greater maximal anaphylactic but the release histamine not...

Calcium depletion inhibits the antigen-induced release of histamine and slow-reacting substance anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from human lung tissue in vitro, indicating critical role transmembrane calcium

— Aims: To explore the historical and cultural context of problem drinking in a Latin American indigenous population identify possible areas for intervention. Methods: Focus group discussions. Results: Participants reported that prior to 1945, binge fighting were part festivals held several times each year. Alcohol was brewed limited quantities by specially qualified individuals. Limited family violence injuries resulted. Increasing contact with Western civilization resulted year-round...

We studied 16 asthmatic subjects sensitive to changes in airway osmolarity determine whether nedocromil sodium has any effect on narrowing caused by hypertonic saline challenges. Nedocromil (10 mg) or its vehicle was inhaled 10 min before a challenge with ultrasonically nebulized 4.5% NaCl. FEV1 measured and 1 after each period of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 8 min. The stopped when there 20% fall from baseline the final period. sensitivity, that is, provoking dose NaCl required induce reduction...

1 Following infusion of [(14)C]-arachidonic acid into guinea-pig isolated lungs more than half the administered radioactivity was retained by lung.2 The majority present in phospholipid fraction with lesser amounts neutral lipid and free fatty fractions. When methyl esters were prepared, 80% co-chromatographed arachidonate.3 Transformation to cyclo-oxygenase products subsequent emergence lung effluent accounted for approximately 20% infused radioactivity.4 After pretreatment acid,...