The relative importance of genetic factors in determining bone mass different parts the skeleton is poorly understood. Lumbar spine and proximal femur mineral density forearm content were measured by photon absorptiometry 38 monozygotic 27 dizygotic twin pairs. Bone was significantly more highly correlated than twins for premenopausal pairs, which consistent with significant contributions to at all these sites. lesser contribution distal compared suggests that environmental are greater...

The relationship between physical fitness and bone mass in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, forearm was studied 84 normal women. Femoral neck spine mineral density content were estimated by absorptiometry. Fitness quantitated from predicted maximal oxygen uptake. significantly correlated with as well age weight. In 46 postmenopausal subjects, only significant predictor of density, both weight density. These data represent first demonstration a correlation fitness, and, implication, habitual...

Abstract To assess mechanisms that cause generalized osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual photon absorptiometry the lumbar spine and femoral neck of 111 patients with RA. BMD was significantly reduced at both sites these patients. Physical activity correlated RA, found, multiple regression analysis, to be a significant predictor female Multiparity exerted protective effect on density. Prednisolone (mean dosage 8 mg/day) not associated...

Fear of inducing generalised osteoporosis is one reason why corticosteroids are withheld in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). No studies, however, have directly measured bone density such at clinically relevant sites. To assess this risk we mineral the lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual photon absorptiometry 84 RA, 44 whom had been treated low dose prednis(ol)one (mean +/- SE 8.0 0.5 mg/day; mean duration treatment 89.6 12.0 months). There were significant reductions (lumbar 9.6%,...

Prolonged high-dose corticosteroid therapy is known to result in an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. Reductions bone density have been demonstrated at the distal radius and lumbar spine patients receiving corticosteroids; however there few studies hip (the most important site fracture) this context. To examine effect corticosteroids on we measured mineral (BMD) by dual-photon absorptiometry three sites proximal femur as well 32 aged 18-77 years who had treated with (mean daily...

In computed tomography of liver tumors there is often heterogeneous density, weak boundaries, and the are surrounded by other abdominal structures with similar densities. These pose limitations to accurate hepatic tumor segmentation. We propose a level set model incorporating likelihood energy edge energy. The minimization approximates density distribution target multimodal background that can have multiple regions. formulation, our detector preserves ramp associated edges for boundaries....

Hyperosmolarity of the airway surface liquid (ASL) has been proposed as stimulus for hyperpnoea-induced asthma. We found previously that mucociliary clearance (MCC) was increased after isocapnic hyperventilation (ISH) with dry air, and we increase related to transient hyperosmolarity ASL. investigated effect increasing osmolarity ASL on MCC, by administering an aerosol concentrated salt solution. MCC measured using 99mTc-sulphur colloid, gamma camera computer analysis in 12 asthmatic 10...

It has been postulated that hypertonic saline (HS) might impair the antimicrobial effects of defensins within airways. Alternative non-ionic osmotic agents such as mannitol may thus be preferable to HS in promoting bronchial mucus clearance (BMC) patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study reports effect inhalation another agent, dry powder Mannitol (300 mg), compared its control (empty capsules plus matched voluntary cough) and a 6% solution on BMC 12 Mucus was measured using...

Methods capable of correcting for head motion in all six degrees freedom have been proposed positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging but not yet demonstrated human studies. These methods rely on the accurate measurement relation to reconstruction coordinate frame. We present methodology direct calibration an optical motion-tracking system frame using paired measurements obtained simultaneously from a PET scanner and tracking system. also describe implementation correction, based...

Bronchiectasis is a disease characterized by hypersecretion and retention of mucus requiring physical pharmacologic treatment. Recently we reported that inhalation dry powder mannitol markedly increases mucociliary clearance (MCC) in asthmatic healthy subjects (Daviskas, E., S. D. Anderson, J. Brannan, H. K. Chan, Eberl, G. Bautovich. 1997. Inhalation dry-powder clearance. Eur. Respir. 10:2449-2454). In this study investigated the effect on MCC patients with bronchiectasis. Eleven 40 to 62...

Summary Purpose: This study aims to map the temporal and extratemporal 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET)–defined hypometabolism in mesial lobe epilepsy (MTLE). We hypothesize that quantitative analysis will reveal extensive glucose (EH), EH is related seizure propagation beyond lobe, restricted one predicts a good outcome following surgery, poor outcome. Methods: Sixty‐four patients were studied who had undergone lobectomy for intractable MTLE at least 2 years of...

Abstract Purpose To optimize the direct production of 68 Ga on a cyclotron, via Zn(p,n) reaction using liquid cyclotron target. We Investigated yield cyclotron-produced Ga, extraction [ Ga]GaCl 3 and subsequent Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 labeling an automated synthesis module. Methods Irradiations 1.0 M solution Zn]Zn(NO ) 2 in dilute (0.2–0.3 M) HNO were conducted GE PETtrace cyclotrons targets. The proton beam energy was degraded to nominal 14.3 MeV minimize co-production 67 through Zn(p,2n) without...

In a previous simulation study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using coded apertures together with pixelated detectors tors for small animal SPECT. this paper; further explore potential approach prototype detector and simulated multipinhole apertures. We also investigated effect multiplexing due to overlapped projections on convergence properties, image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) spatial resolution. The comprises 48/spl times/44 array NaI(Tl) crystals, each 1 mm/spl times/1 times/5 mm...

The absence of a maximal dose–response plateau as well gas trapping and increases in closing capacity (CC) suggest that increased airway closure is an important mechanical abnormality asthmatic airways. We compared the extent distribution 13 normal 23 subjects. Airway (LVclosed) was measured with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) inhaled Technegas bolus percentage lung volume without (LVtrans), CC, using nitrogen washout. LVclosed apical, middle lower zones, each being equal...

Scatter correction is a prerequisite for quantitative SPECT, but potentially increases noise. Monte Carlo simulations (EGS4) and physical phantom measurements were used to compare accuracy noise properties of two scatter techniques: the triple-energy window (TEW), transmission dependent convolution subtraction (TDCS) techniques. Two functions investigated TDCS: (i) originally proposed mono-exponential function (ii) an exponential plus Gaussian demonstrated be superior from our simulations....

Inhalation of hypertonic saline stimulates mucociliary clearance (MCC) in healthy subjects and those with obstructive lung disease. We investigated the effect inhaling osmotic agent mannitol on MCC. used a dry-powder preparation British Pharmacopea (BP) which was encapsulated delivered using Dinkihaler. MCC measured for 75 min six asthmatic two occasions before after inhalation or its control, 99mTc-sulphur colloid gamma camera. The inhaled dose 267+/-171 mg (mean+/-SD) 400 percentage fall...

Bronchiectasis is characterised by hypersecretion and impaired clearance of mucus. A 400-mg dose inhaled mannitol improves mucus however, the effect other doses unknown. total 14 patients, aged 63.3±5.7 yrs, were studied on five visits. Mucus at baseline with (160, 320 480 mg) was measured using technetium-99m-sulphur colloid imaging a gamma camera over 45 min, followed further 30 min involving 100 voluntary coughs. control study assessed cough provoked during intervention. Whole right lung...

SPECT can provide valuable diagnostic and treatment response information in large-scale multicenter clinical trials. However, has been limited providing consistent quantitative functional parametric values across the centers, largely because of a lack standardized procedures to correct for attenuation scatter. Recently, novel software package developed reconstruct images assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest after acetazolamide challenge from single session. This study was aimed...