Research focusing on climate change and cultural heritage informs management policy. Fatorić Seekamp assessed this field up to 2015, highlighting the need for periodic reassessment of given observed growth research that documents how contributes mitigation adaptation. Five years on, systematic review reflects state art by evaluating 165 publications (2016–2020) about change. We find continues grow, remains rich in disciplinary methodological diversity, but predominantly represents Europe....

Successful conservation of earthen heritage requires an understanding interactions between environmental and climatic conditions, soil-based materials human interventions. Frost cycling is likely to be important contributor the deterioration heritage, with frost damage known cause features such as flaking granular disintegration. However, it not clear how a contribution makes in comparison other agents. Previous studies have focused on agents deterioration, wind rain, or investigated role...

Earthen heritage constitutes 10% of sites on the World Heritage List and many these are experiencing extensive deterioration caused by environmental forces, such as wind rain. This study used a well-established test wall to investigate impact conditions earthen at remote under-studied site Suoyang Ancient City, Gansu Province, China, which is exhibiting widespread deterioration. Test walls have previously been in research they allow controlled experiments be undertaken complex, realistic...

Timber is widely used in the construction of buildings on a global scale, but it sensitive to degradation. Moisture notably poses risk timber decay, and this likely change significantly during 21st century if high emission scenario occurs. Global HadGEM3 model output was map projected changes relative humidity range, seasonality humidity, time wetness, wind-driven rain, salt transitions potential for fungal attack (Scheffer Index). In Congo Basin, Great Plains (USA) Scandinavia, ranges are...

Abstract Heritage science is an inherently practice-oriented field that aims to support our understanding, and conservation, of heritage. Research commonly undertaken using laboratory or field-based methodologies, but given the ethical scale constraints, over time space, these approaches, process-based models should provide a tool for exploring practical solutions. Unlike other fields, such as climate ecology, there appears limited engagement with modelling within heritage science. The...

Abstract Frost events can cause the deterioration of a wide range heritage materials, including stone, brick and earth. In warming world, frequency location frost is likely to change, affecting conservation strategies required at sites. We use multi-model ensemble approach investigate three types in East Asia: freeze–thaw cycles; deep days wet frosts. The study uses nine CMIP6 models for period 1850 2100, with future projections run under SPS585 scenario. Additional analysis undertaken five...

Abstract The protection of heritage from a changing climate has been increasing interest over the last few decades, which creates need for systematic approach to impacts on tangible and intangible heritage. We present climatology as an applied, interdisciplinary field science that examines aspects affect provides data, statistics, well-tuned parameters projections can aid interpreting past changes future management It must consider impact extreme events, cyclic processes gradual accumulation...

Abstract Uncertainties over future climatic conditions pose significant challenges when selecting appropriate conservation strategies for heritage sites. Choosing effective is especially important earthen sites located in dryland regions, as many are experiencing rapid environmentally-driven deterioration. We use a newly developed cellular automaton model (ViSTA-HD), to evaluate the environmental deterioration risk, 100-year period, under range of potential climate and scenarios. Results...

Timber heritage sites are vulnerable to damage from moisture. Simple meteorological descriptions of climate need be tuned capture drivers that threaten heritage, including dimensional change, insect attack and mould growth. Global models often provide projections through the end 21st century but translated a local level reveal processes deterioration at specific sites. Translation can challenging requires use information range sources. This translation is explored over facing different...

Nature-based solutions are seen to benefit both society and biodiversity. However, research into their future resilience is required. Soft capping a nature-based conservation strategy that mimics the natural colonisation of plants on top ruined walls reduces rates material deterioration. To remain effective, soft species must be tolerant climatic conditions. We use Maxent distribution model assess low high emission scenarios across Britain Ireland. mid- end-century presence probability four...

Abstract The variable climatic and environmental conditions associated with dryland regions can cause rapid erosion to both natural man‐made earthen structures. Whilst there is a long history of research into the evolution erosional landforms such as yardangs, little has investigated how processes influence built Earthen heritage sites located in arid semi‐arid environments experience deterioration caused by exposure drivers wind rain. Understanding these interact each other material vital...

Abstract Climate parameters can be refined for use in a heritage context to capture climate‐based deterioration processes occurring on buildings and sites. The Scheffer index, which combines temperature rainfall components, is commonly used as metric of wood decay risk. Understanding how the index likely change important developing effective conservation strategies timber heritage. However, there has been limited research assessing agreement between climate model outputs such heritage‐based...

Abstract This study was motivated by an interest in understanding the potential effects of climate change and glacier retreat on late summer water temperatures alpine areas. Fieldwork carried out between July September 2007 at Place Lake, located below Glacier southern Coast Mountains British Columbia. Lake has area 72 000 m 2 , a single inlet outlet channel, approximate residence time 4 days. Warming lake ranged up to 3 °C averaged 1.8 °C, which exceeds amount warming that occurred over 1...

Earthen heritage is one of the oldest and universal forms but its conservation poses many challenges. Establishing international collaborations could provide an efficient, sustainable mechanism to increase knowledge exchange, aiding development earthen strategies around world. However, perceived differences in how Eastern Western countries value develop can pose challenges for establishing collaborations. To understand these whether they hinder collaborations, this paper compares British...

Purpose This paper questions the common perception within heritage science that environment is seen primarily as a risk factor can change or impact heritage. The purpose of this to reconceptualise relationship between and an Earth System Science framework, enabling more sustainable approach for understanding conserving sites be implemented. Design/methodology/approach To explore environment, considers how perceptions have been shaped in response conservation challenges facing movable...

Abstract Changes in climate will exert increasing pressure on heritage, so standard metrics need to be tuned heritage threats. Historical meteorological records are commonly available as monthly summaries, with few offering daily observations readings may not have been taken or yet digitised. As data averaged over longer intervals misses short weather events, we investigate the extent which temporal resolution is important for assessing pressures façades. The Radcliffe Meteorological...

Modelling can explore heritage responses to environmental pressures over wide spatial and temporal scales, testing both theory process. However, compared other fields, modelling approaches are not yet as common in management. Some models have become well known, though they struggle an impact beyond academia, with limited practical applications. Successful appear be adaptable multiple sites or objects, intuitive use, run using widely available software produce output translatable into...

Abstract Cultural practices reliant on the formation of ice are likely to be affected by climate change across world. Outdoor skating is a popular pastime in many regions North America, Asia and northern Europe. Fen traditional sport practiced flat area east England, when shallowly flooded fields meadows freeze form large stretches ice. To assess future fen skating, metrics were constructed capture freezing conditions needed for take place. A was defined as requiring daily minimum...

Water quality guidelines are an important tool that guide stream protection. In South Australia, as in other Australian states, have been set using statistical properties of physical and chemical stressors reference streams. Given water designed to protect ecosystems, biologically based more desirable. this context, we investigated diatom–water relationships Our analysis focused on electrical conductivity (EC) total phosphorus (TP), which explained significant variance diatom assemblages....

Abstract Timber heritage faces numerous risks, with the threat from insect and fungal attack particularly sensitive to climate. The Scheffer index estimates deterioration of wood by combining average temperature days rain. We determined twenty sites in Europe across 20th early 21st century using meteorological observations, largely European Climate Assessment Dataset. Results showed that indices loosely align Köppen climate classes, which are also defined terms rainfall. However, within a...

Abstract Stream surface albedo was measured at a location downstream of Place Glacier, Canada, in steep bouldery channel. Portions the water were visibly aerated as result cascading flow even lower discharges; high flows, stream near‐continuous whitewater. Albedo generally increased with discharge, from around 0.1 flows to 0.4 highest flows. This increase is consistent known effect aeration on reflectance water. discharge dependence needs be accounted for physically based models predicting...

Abstract Diatoms have been widely used in stream health assessments as they are highly sensitive to water quality. There is no standardised method for diatom-based causing many substrates, both natural and artificial, be used. Few studies investigated the impact of substrate type on diatom assemblages streams with variable levels. To determine if affects these assessments, diatoms were analysed from an artificial (rope), rock mud, 17 sites Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Rope has...

Abstract An association between salt pans or dry lake beds and distinctive crescentic lake‐floor sand mounds (1–10 m high, tens to hundreds of metres wide) is commonplace in desert systems. In the Makgadikgadi Basin northern Botswana, a debate about formative processes these landforms has persisted despite numerous morphometric, sedimentary geochronological analyses, with mound variously inferred be aeolian dunes, subaqueous spring shoreline remnants. We propose new mechanism which draws on...