Kazakhstan is an upper-middle-income country and one of the coldest countries in world with rich energy resources prices considerably lower than developed countries. This paper presents first comprehensive overview household fuel use assesses causes extent poverty using Households Living Conditions Survey dataset 12,000 households. The results show that there overwhelming reliance on coal Kazakhstan: 40% all surveyed households for heating, cooking other needs. In general, liquefied...

The drug development process can greatly benefit from liver-on-a-chip platforms aiming to recapitulate the physiology, mechanisms, and functionalities of liver cells in an vitro environment. is most important organ metabolism investigation. Here, we report a hybrid cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic (HCP) platform culture Huh7 hepatoma cell line dynamic conditions towards system. comprised COC bottom layer with microchannel PDMS-based flat top sandwiched...

The city of Astana, the capital Kazakhstan, which has a population 804,474, and been experiencing rapid growth over last 15 years, generates approximately 1.39 kg capita(-1) day(-1) municipal solid waste (MSW). Nearly 700 tonnes MSW are collected daily, 97% is disposed at landfills. newest landfill was built using modern technologies, including gas (LFG) collection system.The Astana demands more energy on its path to development, viability analysis generate electricity imperative. This paper...

Abstract This work presents a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of two-phase flow field in gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC) using CFX4.3™, commercial code based on the finite volume method. The numerical analysis was made for air-water mixtures at near atmospheric conditions, while both liquid and gas rates were changed. behavior is modeled an Eulerian-Eulerian approach, considering phases as interpenetrating continuum. method computed inter-phase phenomena by...

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the abdominal aorta (above 50 % its original diameter), which can cause death upon rupturing. It usually grows asymptomatically leading to late clinical intervention. The medical criteria indicate surgery are based on measuring diameter and growth rate, but in many cases aneurysms fail at uncharacterized critical values. In search more efficient technique predicting AAA failure, there consensus importance studying geometric characteristics...

This report summarizes our recent implementation of a crossover formulation in the lattice Boltzmann method and its application modeling transcritical CO2 sequestration water-saturated porous media. A enhancement Peng-Robinson equation state increases accuracy predicting fluid properties conditions, which is relevant sequestration. The leads to prediction liquid-vapor coexistence curves closer experimental data. was validated with several tests applied model displacement H2O homogeneous...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main causes human death around globe. The mortality rate for patients infected with active TB goes beyond 50% when not diagnosed. Rapid and accurate diagnostics coupled further prompt treatment disease is cornerstone controlling outbreaks. To reduce this burden, existing gap between detection must be addressed, dedicated diagnostic tools such as biosensors should developed. A biosensor a sensing micro-device that consists biological element transducer...

Multiphase flows are present in many natural phenomena, processing technologies, and industries. In the petroleum industry, multiphase flow is highly relevant, special attention paid to development of predictive tools that determine conditions guarantee safe economic hydrocarbon extraction transportation. Hydrodynamic aspects such as pressure drop holdup primary relevance for field engineer daily operations like pumping power calculation equipment selection control. associated with oil...

In this paper, verification and validation of a turbulence closure model is performed for an experimental compound channel flow, where the velocity turbulent fields were measured by Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV). Detailed Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM) simulations are reported. There numerous methods techniques available to evaluate numerical uncertainty associated with grid resolution. The authors have adopted Grid Convergence Index (GCI) approach. components, kinetic...

Kazakhstan is currently committed to develop its renewable energy resources. In 2012, the government introduced a low-carbon strategy reduce production of air pollutants, including anthropogenic CO2e, and increase share clean up 50% total consumption by 2050. As contribution this strategy, paper presents comparison in techno-economic performance three scenarios. The differentiation will be between implemented fixed-slope on-grid PV power plants proxy similar solar parks using one- or...