Understanding the mechanisms of plant tolerance to osmotic and chemical stress is fundamental maintaining high crop productivity. Soil drought often occurs in combination with physiological drought, which causes due concentrations ions. Hence, it assumed that acclimatization plants salinity follows same mechanisms. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) a legume extraordinary severe moderate salinity. The aim presented study was compare strategies grass seedlings (PEG) (NaCl) on level....

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim the presented study was describe mechanism grass sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies salinity seedlings were cultivated in hydroponic system media containing various concentrations NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order characterise function structure apparatus, Chl fluorescence, gas exchange...

The carnivorous plant

Abstract Pontechium maculatum (Russian bugloss) is a medical plant belonging to the family Boraginaceae. Although this species known as rich in biologically active secondary metabolites, biotechnological studies about valuable still missing. The scientific objectives of study were investigate biomass production, synthesis, and productivity various phenolic acids, flavonoids, shikonin P. cultivated breeding systems. Additionally, antioxidant activity plant-derived extracts was evaluated....

Reynoutria japonica Houtt. is the source of various phenolic compounds: acids, flawan-3-ols, and stilbenes, with a broad range biological activity. The rhizome (underground organ these plants) abundant in secondary metabolites but, natural conditions, may accumulate toxic substances (such as heavy metals) from soil. principal objective this research was to produce transformed cultures R. hairy roots that would serve valuable compounds, independent environmental resources. transformation...

Summary Repetitive DNA sequences and some genes are epigenetically repressed by transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). When genetic mutants not available or problematic to use, TGS can be suppressed chemical inhibitors. However, informed use of epigenetic inhibitors is partially hampered the absence any systematic comparison. In addition, there emerging evidence that cause genomic instability, but nature this damage its repair remain unclear. To bridge these gaps, we compared effects...

Abstract Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Japanese knotweed) is an invasive plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family. However, being native East Asia, it has been used in natural medicine for ages because of its broad range biological activity. Although R. known as a rich source phenolic compounds, biomass collected from field may be contaminated with toxic elements like heavy metals, and level metabolite accumulation depends on environmental conditions. Therefore, aim this study was derive...

Abstract The Venus flytrap ( Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) is a carnivorous plant able to synthesize large amounts of phenolic compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, acids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. In this study, the first genetic transformation D. tissues presented. Two wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains (LBA 9402 ATCC 15834) were suitable vector organisms in process. Transformation led formation teratoma (transformed shoot) cultures with bacterial rol B gene incorporated into...

Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim presented study was to evaluate survival strategy P. zeylanica toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l−1). After a four-week culture, efficiency plants evaluated by Chl...

Abstract Key message Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. The primary aim this study was to determine how responds two pests infesting separately or at once; thus inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal nematode; CCN) Aceria tosichella Keifer (wheat mite; WCM). To verify hypothesis about...

Seeds are complex biological systems comprising three genetically distinct tissues: embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissues (including seed coats pericarp) nested inside one another. Cereal grains represent a special type of seeds, with the largest part formed by specialized triploid tissue ensuring embryo protection nourishment. We investigated dynamic changes in DNA content major from time pollination up to dry seed. show that cell cycle is under strict developmental control different...

Abstract The present study investigated the response of non-metallicolous (NM) and metallicolous (M) Alyssum montanum shoots cultured in vitro on a medium supplemented simultaneously with heavy metals (HMs) to identify mechanisms involved alleviating metal-induced damage. Plant status respect photosynthetic apparatus efficiency was determined linked changes biochemical composition shoots, namely phenolic acids’ stress-related phytohormones. Results showed considerable inter-ecotype...

Sundews (Drosera sp.) are the source of biologically active secondary metabolites: phenolic acids, flavonoids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. Because obtaining them from natural environment is impossible (rare endangered species), in this study modifications traditional tissue cultures grown solid medium (SM), such as agitated (ACs) (cultures liquid with rotary shaking) temporary immersion bioreactors PlantformTM (TIB), were used for multiplication four sundew species: Drosera peltata, indica,...

Abstract Background Plant transformation with rol oncogenes derived from wild strains of Rhizobium rhizogenes is a popular biotechnology tool. Transformation effects depend on the type gene, expression level, and number gene copies incorporated into plant’s genomic DNA. Although are known as inducers plant secondary metabolism, little about physiological response plants subjected to transformation. Results In this study, consequences B oncogene incorporation DNA Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis...

Wild barley is abundant, occupying large diversity of sites, ranging from the northern mesic Mediterranean meadows to southern xeric deserts in Israel. This also reflected its wide phenotypic heterogeneity. We investigated dynamics DNA content changes seed tissues ten wild accessions that originated an environmental gradient The flow cytometric measurements were done time shortly after pollination up dry seeds. show variation mitotic cell cycle and endoreduplication both diploid (represented...

<title>Abstract</title> <italic>Reynoutria japonica</italic> Houtt. (Japanese knotweed) is an invasive plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family. However, being native east Asia, it has been used in natural medicine since ages because of broad range biological activity. Although, <italic>R. known as a rich source phenolic compounds biomass collected from field may be contaminated with toxic elements like heavy metals. Therefore, aim this study was investigate production and synthesis...

<title>Abstract</title> The effectiveness of silver nanoparticles, addressing different methods their synthesis, with regard both to accumulation Ag ions and the nutritional properties potato tubers in field cultivation was aim presented study. Potato plants were sprayed concentration nanoparticles (0.1, 1.0 10 mg·dm^{− 3}) synthesized incorporation sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) citrate as capping agent. lowest amounts transported after spraying AgNPs SDS, rather than citrate....

The objective of this study was to investigate the response photosynthetic apparatus Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) UV-A radiation stress as well role selected secondary metabolites in process. Plants were subjected 24 h treatment. Subsequently, chl a fluorescence and gas exchange measured living plants. On collected material, analyses pigments proteins content, contents activity antioxidants, performed. Measurements carried out immediately after treatment (UV plants) another...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect modified light spectrum glass containing red luminophore on performance photosynthetic apparatus two types lettuce cultivated in soil a greenhouse. Butterhead and iceberg were greenhouses: (1) covered with transparent (control) (2) (red). After 4 weeks culture, structural functional changes examined. presented indicated that used changed sunlight spectrum, providing an adequate blue:red ratio, while decreasing red:far-red radiation ratio. In...

Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis is a South and North Carolina carnivorous endemic plant with medicinal properties. Its natural habitat characterized by low availability of nutrients poor cover, resulting in Venus flytrap exposure to various stress factors (especially UV-A radiation). To evaluate the response photosynthetic apparatus increased levels radiation, plants cultivated controlled conditions (30–40 % air humidity, temperature 23 ± 1 °C, light intensity 290 μmol m–2 s–1, 16 h light/8 dark)...