Abstract Rapid urbanization leads to fragmentation of landscape and destruction the ecological security network. A sound network promotes connectivity between sources mitigates degradation an system. However, when identifying network, studies available in current literature did not simultaneously consider structures, functions, values patches. Our study aimed fill this research gap, our objective was improve framework for assessing We demonstrated application proposed through a case‐study...

Abstract Cultivated land is crucial to food security, social and economic stability, environmental quality, sustainable urban–rural development in China around the world. However, most of current grading systems for evaluating cultivated quality tend generate homogeneous results inadequate spatial descriptions mainly due use a composite index method that often fails recognize matching relationship between needs land. The purpose this study propose new system China's involves two scoring...

Abstract In a large introductory physics course, structured weekly journals (weekly reports) regularly encouraged students to ask questions about the material. The resulting were collected for one quarter and coded based on difficulty topic. Students also took several conceptual tests during quarter. reports contained more than typically observed in college classroom, but number of asked was not correlated any measure performance. Relationships among different types performance these...

Uncertainty estimation is essential for practical applications such as decision-making, risk assessment, and human-AI collaboration. However, in open-ended question-answering (QA) tasks presents unique challenges. The output space QA vast discrete, the autoregressive nature of LLMs, combined with rapid increase model parameters, makes inference sampling significantly costly. An ideal uncertainty LLMs should meet two criteria: 1) incur no additional cost 2) capture semantic dependencies...

The paper presents a new recursive estimation algorithm designed expressly for the purpose of model structure identification (not state or primarily parameter estimation) and discusses two applications thereof, one to motivating, hypothetical example data from whole‐pond manipulations explore sediment‐nutrient‐phytoplankton dynamics. is current culmination long‐term technical development using Kalman filter, through an extended prediction error (RPE) cast in space recently modified...

Previous simulation studies, using a case study of the city Atlanta within Upper Chattahoochee catchment, Georgia, USA, have shown how it is possible to re-engineer water infrastructure so as restore aquatic ecosystem services in catchment. The results also suggest that such re-engineered might even enable act force for good its environment. Assessing sustainability these prospective engineering transitions depends not only upon matters urban ecological footprint, but more centrally on...

Semidistributed models are commonly calibrated manually, but software for automatic calibration is now available. We present a two‐stage routine of the semidistributed watershed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) that finds best values parameters, preserves spatial variability in essential leads to measure prediction uncertainty. In first stage, modified global Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE‐UA) method was employed find “best” lumped parameters. second original parameters restored...

Lake Allatoona is a large reservoir northeast of metropolitan Atlanta, GA, threatened by excessive algal growth. We used the calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models developed in our companion paper to estimate annual P load 1992 2001 after significant changes occurred land use. Land use data from Multi‐Resolution Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium showed that forest decreased during this period about 20%, urban increased 225%, pasture uses 50%. Simulation results 176.5 207.3...

In semi-distributed hydrologic models, it is difficult to account for the impacts of wetlands on processes, as they are based lumped, subbasin-scale wetland concepts. It a challenge incorporate influences individual small into watershed-scale models by using lumped parameterization. The objective this study was improve modeling taking real features during To achieve objective, joint framework proposed couple surface delineation algorithm with model and then applied Upper Turtle River...

Lake Allatoona is a large reservoir north of Atlanta, GA, that drains an area about 2870 km 2 scheduled for phosphorus (P) total maximum daily load (TMDL). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been widely used watershed‐scale modeling P, but there little guidance on how to estimate P‐related parameters, especially those related in‐stream P processes. In this paper, methods are demonstrated individually SWAT soil‐related parameters collectively stream Stream were obtained using...

Abstract The Bakken shale play in western North Dakota is one of the largest unconventional oilfields United States, but published research about impacts on region's water resources rare. In this study, besides examining management policies and activities, we also analyzed three datasets: horizontal well completion data (2008‐2014), permitted consumption (2000‐2014), groundwater level streamflow observations (2000‐2014). We found from 2008 to 2014, annual total industrial uses for oil...