The emergence of two new technologies, namely, software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), have radically changed the development functions evolution architectures. These technologies bring to mobile operators promises reducing costs, enhancing flexibility scalability, shortening time-to-market applications services. With advent SDN NFV their offered benefits, are gradually changing way how they architect networks cope with ever-increasing growth data...

The demand for mobile communication is continuously increasing, and devices are now the device of choice many people. To guarantee connectivity performance, typically equipped with multiple interfaces. this end, exploiting available interfaces also a crucial aspect upcoming 5G standard reducing costs, easing network management, providing good user experience. Multi-path protocols, such as multi-path TCP (MPTCP), can be used to provide performance optimization through load-balancing...

Cellular networks have evolved to support high peak bitrates with low loss rates as observed by the higher layers. However, applications and services running over cellular are now facing other difficult congestion-related challenges, most notably a highly variable link capacity bufferbloat. To overcome these issues improve performance of network traffic in 4G/5G networks, number in-network end-to-end solutions been proposed. Fairness between interacting congestion control algorithms (CCAs)...

It is widely recognized that the Internet transport layer has become ossified, where further evolution hard or even impossible. This a direct consequence of ubiquitous deployment middleboxes hamper new transports, aggravated by limited flexibility application programming interface (API) typically presented to applications. To tackle this problem, wide range solutions have been proposed in literature, each aiming address particular aspect. Yet, no single proposal emerged able enable layer. In...

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a promising solution for telecom operators and service providers to improve business agility, by enabling fast deployment of new services, making it possible them cope with the increasing traffic volume demand. NFV enables virtualization network functions that can be deployed as virtual machines on general purpose server hardware in cloud environments, effectively reducing operational costs. To benefit from advantages NFV, (VNFs) need provisioned...

TCP BBR is a new variant developed at Google, which, as of this year, fully deployed in Google's internal WANs and used by services such Google.com YouTube. In contrast to other commonly variants, not loss-based but model-based: It builds model the network path between communicating nodes terms bottleneck bandwidth minimum round-trip delay tries operate point where all available minimum. Although has indeed resulted lower latency more efficient usage fixed networks, its performance over...

In-Band Network Telemetry (INT) is a novel framework for collecting telemetry items and switch internal state information from the data plane at line rate. With support of programmable planes programming language P4, switches parse instruction headers determine which to attach using custom metadata. At network edge, removed original packets are forwarded while reports sent distributed stream processor further processing by monitoring platform. In order avoid excessive load on processor,...

The sockets API has become the standard way that applications access transport services offered by IP stack. This article presents NEAT, a user space library can provide an alternate API. NEAT allows to request service they need using new design is agnostic specific choice of protocol underneath. not only take advantage common machinery, but also eases introduction network mechanisms and protocols. describes components illustrates important benefits be gained from this approach. software...

A recently proposed congestion control algorithm (CCA) called BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time) has shown a lot of promise in avoiding some the problems that have plagued loss-based CCAs. Nevertheless, deployment new alternative requires thorough evaluation effect on established transport protocols like TCP CUBIC. Furthermore, evaluations consider heterogeneity Internet traffic sizes would provide useful insight into deployability an introduces sweeping changes...

This paper presents a new task-scheduling strategy, SATS, for Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). SATS uses simple simulated annealing-based method scheduling tasks and shows that it can be promising solution online task in MEC architecture. The evaluates three types of predictors: neutral, conservative, optimistic, concludes using conservative predictor overestimates the number service requests leads to best performance terms higher acceptance rates shorter processing times. With its Simulated...

The Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) has seen significant growth in recent years. With the deployment 5G, it become essential to reduce power consumption these devices for long-term sustainability. upcoming 6G cellular network introduces concept zero-energy CIoT devices, which do not require batteries or manual charging. This paper focuses on providing insight into their feasibility and practical implementation. examines how use simultaneous wireless information transfer, beamforming,...

Virtualization is central to cloud computing systems. It abstracts resources be shared among multiple virtual machines (VMs) that can easily managed run applications and services. To benefit from the advantages of computing, cope with increasing traffic demands, telecom operators have adopted computing. Telecom services are, however, characterized by real- time responsiveness, strict end-to-end latency, high reliability. Due inherent overhead virtualization, network performance degraded....

BBR is a promising new congestion control algorithm (CCA) that has been shown to result in significantly lower latency compared conventional loss-based CCAs. However, cellular networks, where there high variability the available rate, does not perform as well expected. In such scenarios, tends overestimate capacity and create queues cause longer packet delays. this work, we propose Receiver-driven (RBBR), modified version of uses rate estimates made at receiver side rather than sender side....

Currently, Multipath TCP (MPTCP) - a modification to standard that enables the concurrent use of several network paths in single connection is being standardized by IETF. This paper provides comprehensive evaluation MPTCP reduce latency and thus improve quality experience or QoE for cloud-based applications. In particular, considers possible reductions could be obtained using multiple between cloud service mobile end user. To obtain an appreciation expected performance different types...

Communication within substatation automation systems in a smart grid environment is often time-critical. The time required for exchanging information between intelligent devices should be few milliseconds. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 standard has proposed the Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol to achieve this goal. However transmission of GOOSE messages limited small Local Area Network (LAN). In demo we demonstrate feasibility using 5G...

Mitigating the effects of head-of-line blocking (HoLB) was one major reasons IETF SIGTRAN working group developed SCTP, a new transport protocol for PSTN signaling traffic, in first place. However, studies impact HoLB on TCP and SCTP have given ambiguous results as to whether has, fact, any significantly deteriorating effect transmission delay. To this end, we carried out detailed experimental study quantitative HoLB. Our suggests that although could indeed incur substantial delay penalty...

Mobile Internet has been widely adopted and it is expected to rise almost 4 billion users by 2020. Despite the research effort dedicated enhancement of its performance, there still exists a gap in understanding how TCP many variants work over LTE. To this end, paper evaluates extent which five common variants, CUBIC, NewReno, Westwood+, Illinois, CAIA Delay Gradient (CDG), are able utilise available radio resources under hard conditions, such as during start-up mobile scenarios at different...

This paper aims at increasing our understanding of the behaviour some major TCP variants in LTE networks. A simulation study on seven is performed. The evolution throughput, congestion window and queuing delay are studied for four scenarios with different network loads flow types. Our measurements show that, average radio conditions, most able to quickly reach full link utilisation. However, achieve same they create amounts delay. On one hand, loss-based algorithms tend completely fill...

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a fundamental cornerstone in the digitalization industry and society. Still, IoT devices' limited processing memory capacities pose problem for conducting complex time-sensitive computations such AI-based shop floor monitoring or personalized health tracking on these devices, offloading to cloud is not an option due excessive delays. Edge computing recently appeared address requirements applications. This paper formulates scheduling tasks between...

The motivation behind this paper is a need to have more accurate estimation of the failover time in SCTP. traditional one, commonly used literature, based on sum consecutive retransmission timeouts. This not always appropriate, especially when using SCTP multihoming feature as basis for achieving transport layer mobility wireless networking scenarios, where transition between available paths becomes key aspect optimisation. Two new factors are introduced into proposed formula reflect...

Cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) enable information to be shared wirelessly between vehicles and infrastructure in order improve safety efficiency. Delivering C-ITS services using existing cellular networks offers both financial technological advantages, not least since these already offer many of the features needed by C-ITS, on our roads are connected networks. Still, pose stringent requirements terms availability latency underlying communication system; that will hard...

The Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT), a new paradigm, paves the way for large-scale deployment IoT devices. CIoT promises enhanced coverage and massive low-cost devices with an expected battery life up to 10 years. However, such long can only be achieved provided device is configured energy efficiency in mind. This paper conducts comprehensive survey on energy-saving solutions 3GPP-based networks. In comparison current studies, contribution this classification extensive analysis existing...

The deployment of the next generation cellular networks (5G) is expanding to enable new services and improve quality existing ones. Despite benefits 5G networks, they also present challenges for performance classical recently-proposed congestion control algorithms (CCAs), e.g., Bottleneck bandwidth round-trip propagation time (BBR) Copa. their successful adoption in Internet, BBR has been shown overestimate bottleneck Copa not independently tested on a similar scale detail as networks. In...