Because of rapidly growing subscriber populations, advances in cellular communication technology, increasingly capable user terminals, and the expanding range mobile applications, networks have experienced a significant increase data traffic, dominant part which is carried by http protocol. Understanding characteristics this traffic important for network design, modeling, resource planning control. In study we present comprehensive characterization http-based using packet level traces...

TCP BBR is a new variant developed at Google, which, as of this year, fully deployed in Google's internal WANs and used by services such Google.com YouTube. In contrast to other commonly variants, not loss-based but model-based: It builds model the network path between communicating nodes terms bottleneck bandwidth minimum round-trip delay tries operate point where all available minimum. Although has indeed resulted lower latency more efficient usage fixed networks, its performance over...

Background and purpose Clinical stroke trials with stem cell‐based approaches aiming for trophic actions, modulation of inflammation neuroprotection are ongoing. However, experimental studies also suggest that neuronal replacement by grafted neural cells ( NSC s) possibly endogenous s from the subventricular zone SVZ ) may restore function in stroke‐damaged striatum. To evaluate potential clinical impact these findings, we analyzed spatial relationship infarcts to proportion individuals...

All forecasts of Internet traffic point at a substantial growth over the next few years. From network operator perspective, efficient in-network caching data is and will be key component in trying to cope with profit from this increasing demand. One problem, however, evaluate performance different policies as number available items well distribution networks grows very large.

A recently proposed congestion control algorithm (CCA) called BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time) has shown a lot of promise in avoiding some the problems that have plagued loss-based CCAs. Nevertheless, deployment new alternative requires thorough evaluation effect on established transport protocols like TCP CUBIC. Furthermore, evaluations consider heterogeneity Internet traffic sizes would provide useful insight into deployability an introduces sweeping changes...

Because of rapidly growing subscriber populations, advances in cellular communication technology, increasingly capable user terminals, and the expanding range mobile applications, networks have experienced a significant increase data traffic, dominant part which is carried by http protocol. Understanding characteristics this traffic important for network design, modeling, resource planning control. In study we present comprehensive characterization http-based using packet level traces...

Mobile Internet has been widely adopted and it is expected to rise almost 4 billion users by 2020. Despite the research effort dedicated enhancement of its performance, there still exists a gap in understanding how TCP many variants work over LTE. To this end, paper evaluates extent which five common variants, CUBIC, NewReno, Westwood+, Illinois, CAIA Delay Gradient (CDG), are able utilise available radio resources under hard conditions, such as during start-up mobile scenarios at different...

This paper aims at increasing our understanding of the behaviour some major TCP variants in LTE networks. A simulation study on seven is performed. The evolution throughput, congestion window and queuing delay are studied for four scenarios with different network loads flow types. Our measurements show that, average radio conditions, most able to quickly reach full link utilisation. However, achieve same they create amounts delay. On one hand, loss-based algorithms tend completely fill...

Video content, of which YouTube is a major part, constitutes large share residential Internet traffic. In this paper, we analyse the user demand patterns for in two metropolitan access networks with more than 1 million requests over three consecutive weeks first network and 600,000 four second network. particular examine existence "local interest communities", i.e. extent to users living closer each other tend request same content higher degree, it found that applies (i) themselves; (ii)...

Proposes a simple and robust automatic strategy for managing SDH/SONET and/or ATM virtual paths in real time to handle slow traffic variations. It consists of on-line measurements offered followed by the design possible implementation new path network repeated cycle. Methods parameters updating are studied optimised achieve maximal carrying capability at minimal cost. Applying networks subject partially unknown, variable author discovers considerable adaptivity, large sayings transmission...

A new control structure is proposed to improve user experience of wireless Internet. Information on radio bandwidth and queue length available in the network controller (RNC), close base station, used a proxy that resides between Internet cellular system. The algorithm sets window size according event-triggered information changes time-triggered RNC. stability analysis hybrid system performed. In number realistic use cases evaluated ns-2, compared nominal one employs end-to-end TCP Reno. It...

In this work, we study YouTube traffic characteristics in a medium-sized Swedish residential municipal network that has — 2600 mainly FTTH broadband-connected households. analyses were carried out the perspective of video clip category and duration, order to understand their impact on potential local caching gains. To best our knowledge, is first time systematic analysis content duration broadband network. Our results show requested clips from end users studied imbalanced regarding...

Data volumes in communication networks increase rapidly. Further, usage of social network applications is very wide spread among users, and these applications, Facebook the most popular. In this paper, we analyse user demands patterns content popularity generated traffic. The data comes from residential users two metropolitan access Sweden, more than 17 million images downloaded by almost 16,000 users. We show that distributions image activity may be described Zipf which favourable for many...

Data traffic in cellular networks increased tremendously over the past few years and this growth is predicted to continue next years. Due differences access technology user behavior, characteristics of can differ from existing results for wireline traffic. In study we focus on understanding flow rates relationship between other properties by analyzing packet level traces collected a large network. To understand limiting factors rates, further analyze underlying causes behind observed e.g.,...

In this work, the performance of 5 representative caching replacement policies was investigated and compared for Internet video-on-demand (VoD) in local access networks. Two measured traces end-user requests were used analyses two typical VoD services: TV-on-demand user generated content represented by YouTube. The studied range from simple least recently (LRU) frequently (LFU) algorithms to more advanced ones denoted as LFU-dynamic lifespan (LFU-DL), Adaptive cache (ARC) Greedy-dual size...