Route scheduling is crucial for uninterrupted operation of modern bus fleets consisting electric buses. This paper proposes an exact route optimization model centralized depots based on mixed integer linear programming. In order to adjust the current situation at many depots, considers a heterogeneous fleet multiple types buses with different battery capacities. With additional charging can minimize number simultaneously which directly leads load peak reduction. allows considering further...

The reduction of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions is a major issue in modern society. Therefore, environmentally friendly technologies like fuel cells should replace conventional energy generation plants. Today, are used households for CHP (combined heat power) applications, emergency power supply many stationary applications the cars, buses ships aircrafts. A significant challenge optimal electrical grid integration selection appropriate protection mechanism cell applications. For...

The high importance of demand-side management for the stability future smart grids came into focus years ago and is today undisputed among a wide spectrum energy market participants, within research community. increasing development communication infrastructure, in tandem with rising transparency power grids, supports efforts deploying applications. While it then accepted that will yield positive contributions, remains challenging to identify, communicate, access available flexibility...

The encoding of high-resolution energy profile datasets from end-users generated by smart electricity meters while maintaining the fidelity relevant information seems to be one backbones electrical markets. In end-user sphere grids, specific load curves households can easily utilized aggregate detailed about customer’s daily activities, which would attractive for cyber attacks. Based on a dataset measured meter installed in German household, this paper integrates two complementary approaches...

Many bus operators worldwide have started with the electrification of their fleets. Analysis total cost ownership is an often-used tool in this process allowing to compare different technologies, find optimum composition fleet and make strategic decisions. This paper provides a unique combination analyzing for two electric depots depending on impact route charging scheduling. Two approaches both scheduling were analyzed enabling quantification effect costs. As analysis shows, optimized can...

To capture reliable information about the existing flexibility potential of electric vehicles forecasts charging processes are required in order to allow utilization and management available flexibility. Measurements from different manufacturers show a heterogeneous behaviour characteristics characteristic switching points when connected 11 kW stations. This paper analyzes relationship between vehicle-specific easy identify parameters characteristics. The proposed generic model is able with...

The large scale integration of photovoltaic systems into the low voltage distribution grid changes short-circuit conditions. aim this work is to analyse and determine influence inverters on short circuit For purpose a reference network structurally weak areas set up method calculate contribution derived.

The increasing number of decentralized power generators in the low-voltage and medium-voltage grid induce multiple short-time power- balanced areas. These areas intensify problem to determine dynamic energy flow distribution grid. identification parts is a time consuming computationally intensive process. Hence, this contribution presents simplified method that has minor computational effort. computes over more than one voltage level. So, it even possible identify are spread different...

The process of electrification the public transportation sector is resulting in a growing number electric buses on streets. Modelling and simulating bus fleets can not only identify possible issues time but also provide valuable inputs for optimal integration these into existing operational plans management systems. One important requirements accurate modelling knowledge energy consumption buses. This paper uses data-driven approach to analyze factors impacting consumption. considered are:...

With the widespread integration of electric vehicles (EV) in distribution networks (DN), network operator faces new challenges relating to facility overloads such as transformers. Due similar charging behaviors EV customers residential areas, peak loads caused by simultaneous processes will have a significant impact on operation DN. In this paper, focus is cooperative approach among EVs with different individual preferences regarding demand urgency aim jointly alleviate transformer...

One of the essential parameters to measure stability and power-quality an energy grid is network impedance. Including distinct resonances which may also vary over time due changing load or generation conditions in a network, frequency characteristic impedance import part analyse. The determination analysis go hand with massive amount data output. reduction this high-resolution voltage current datasets, while maintaining fidelity important information, main focus paper. presented approach...

One of the crucial steps for a successful integration electric bus fleets into existing power systems is active and intelligent usage their flexibility. This important not only reducing eventual negative effects on grid but also energy infrastructure costs. The first step in optimal flexibility its quantification, which allows maximum provision without any fleet operation. paper explores available large-scale with concept centralized unidirectional depot charging. An assessment positive was...

The high importance of Demand-Side-Management for the stability future smart grids is consensus among a wide spectrum energy market participants and within research community. While it accepted that will yield positive contributions, remains challenging to identify, access, communicate available flexibilities flexibility managers in order determine impacts choose temporarily required demand-side ensure system stability. In this paper we introduce methodology local potential end-users...