Fungi can degrade grain quality, produce harmful mycotoxins, and hinder germination in the post-harvest stage, resulting significant economic losses. Ethyl formate (EF) is an efficient eco-friendly fumigant for controlling pest insects grains, horticulture, quarantine treatments. However, there a lack of research on antifungal activity EF its degradation products barley seeds. In this study, fifteen fungal species, predominantly Alternaria infectoria, were isolated identified from seven...

Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), is a known quarantine pest that difficult to control with phosphine (PH3) or low concentrations of ethyl formate (EF), particularly at temperatures. Methyl bromide (MB) fumigant used for and preshipment (QPS) can eradicate target pests short fumigation periods. However, MB, which an ozone-depleting substance, scheduled be phased out in South Korea over the next decade. There no ideal alternative replace MB QPS perishable commodities. A laboratory...

This study investigated an alternative fumigant for imported sweet pumpkin. Laboratory fumigations with ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) alone in combination were conducted at different temperatures 12-liter desiccators to determine their efficacy synergism against adults eggs of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch), a major pest pumpkins; larger scale EF also performed evaluate the impact fumigation on postharvest quality pumpkin absorption. 4 h achieved 100% control...

Journal Article Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect Between Ethyl Formate and Phospine for Control Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) Get access Byung Ho Lee, Lee 1 Dongbu ARI, DongbuFarmHannog Co. Nonsan, South Korea ( byungholee@dongbu.com ; hyeminkim@dongbu.com Bongsookim@dongbu.com ), Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hye Min Kim, Kim Bong Soo Jeong Oh Yang, Yang 2 Animal, Plant Fisheries Quarantine Inspection Agency (QIA), joyang12@korea.kr...

Oxidative stress is the main cause of cardiac injury during ischemia/reperfusion but molecular mechanism for this process unclear. In study, it was found that hypoxia induces apoptosis in rat embryonic heart-derived H9c2 cells leading to induction GADD153, which an apoptosis-related gene. Therefore, study addressed role GADD153 hypoxia-induced apoptosis. The stable or inducible overexpression sensitized apoptotic cell death. results suggest transactivation domain might be responsible...

To characterize a novel ceftazidime-hydrolysing CTX-M mutant, designated CTX-M-54, produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate BDK0419 and to investigate its genetic environment.Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined disc diffusion agar dilution methods, the double-disc synergy test was carried out. Detection of genes encoding class A beta-lactamases performed PCR amplification, organization blaCTX-M-54 gene investigated sequencing regions surrounding this gene. Kinetic...

Abstract Methyl bromide (MB) use for quarantine and phytosanitary purposes is being phased out. Several effective MB alternatives have been identified depending on the target system. Industry commitment shift to new technologies will depend not only efficacy of but also their compatibility integrability into existing operations. We compared ethyl formate (EF) disinfestation Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a representative surface pest banana evaluated whether EF...

Sweet persimmons are a valuable export commodity. However, the presence of live insects such as Asiacornococcus kaki limits their access to many markets. Methyl bromide, traditionally used for pest control, is damaging human health and environment. Ethyl formate (EF) viable alternative; however, its effectiveness against A. on sweet persimmon fruit unknown. We evaluated EF fumigation in controlling present under calyx fruit. The hatching rate eggs survival rates nymphs adults at low...

The effects of climate change and shifting consumer preferences for tropical/subtropical mango fruits have accelerated their greenhouse cultivation in South Korea, which has consequently exacerbated the risk unexpected or exotic insect pest outbreaks. This study used analysis (PRA) greenhouse-cultivated mangoes provided by Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency Korea to evaluate potential ethyl formate (EF) fumigation as a new management strategy against yellow tea thrips (Scirtothrips...

The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, commonly known as pinewood nematode in Japan, is a quarantine pest and most often associated with beetles of the genus Monochamus, pine sawyers, particularly Monochamus alternatus. Long-distance dispersal its vectors led to widespread losses forests. Two fumigation trials were conducted for treatment logs naturally infested both M. alternatus B. xylophilus. treated ethanedinitrile or metam sodium at low temperature (-7-25.7°C -3.7-23.1°C) 3-d exposure winter...

Ethyl formate (EF) was evaluated as a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for phytosanitary treatment of imported citrus fruit in the Republic Korea. Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), mealybug with known tolerance against EF and MB, used representative pest test efficacy two fumigants eggs. In nine commercial-scale refrigerated container (67.5 m3) trials using orange, lemon grapefruit, applied at currently approved dose (70 g·m-3 5°C 4 h, developed Aspidiotus...

The nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its insect vectors from the Monochamus genus are major global quarantine pests of timber products. Owing to phase-out methyl bromide for plant preshipment treatments, an alternative fumigant is essential. Based on preliminary laboratory studies efficacy ethanedinitrile (C2 N2 ) B. alternatus, three trials were conducted at dosages temperatures. Potential inhalation exposure was assessed by monitoring atmospheric C2 in relation threshold limit...

Abstract Infestation of phosphine (PH 3 ) resistant insects threatens global grain reserves. PH fumigation controls rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae but not highly insect pests. Here, we investigated naturally occurring strains S. that were moderately (MR), strongly (SR), or susceptible (wild-type; WT) to using proteome analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Both –R) exhibited higher susceptibility ethyl formate-mediated inhibition cytochrome c oxidase than the WT strain, whereas...

Lipids play an essential role in providing energy and other physiological functions for insects. Therefore, it is important to determine the composition of insect lipids from cuticular internal tissues a better understanding biology physiology. A novel non-derivatization method analysis including fatty acids, hydrocarbon waxes, sterols Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) was explored using direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) coupled with gas...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Methyl bromide is being phased out for use on stored commodities, as it listed an ozone‐depleting substance, and phosphine the fumigant widely used grains. However, resistance occurs worldwide, fumigation requires a long exposure period temperatures of > 15 °C. There urgent requirement development that kills insects quickly management. This paper reports new formulation 95% ethyl formate plus 5% methyl isothiocyanate alternative RESULTS: The stable at least 4 months...