Deep knowledge of how radio waves behave in a practical wireless channel is required for effective planning and deployment access networks urban environments. Empirical propagation models are popular their simplicity, but they prone to introduce high prediction errors. Different heuristic methods geospatial approaches have been developed further reduce path loss error. However, the efficacy these new techniques built-up areas should be experimentally verified. In this paper, efficiencies...

This work presents the design and model implementation of a novel home automation system applying Internet Things (IoT) technology. It seeks simplified protocols for developing robust to deal with problems complexity, multiple incompatible standards resulting expenses in existing systems. The embedded features ubiquitous low-cost 32-bit ESP8266 System-on-chip (SoC) module interfaced some sensors actuators interaction home. Flexibility remote access, operation management is achieved through...

Path loss prediction is an important process in radio network planning and optimization because it helps to understand the behaviour of waves a specified propagation environment. Although several models are currently available for path predictions, adoption these requires trade-off between simplicity accuracy. In this paper, new model developed based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) multi-transmitter scenarios applicable Very High Frequency (VHF) bands. Field measurements...

Path loss prediction models are essential in the planning of wireless systems, particularly build-up environments. However, efficacies depend on local ambient characteristics This paper proposed Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) model for path Ilorin VHF band. Received signal strengths along four different routes were measured using NTA transmitter which operates at a frequency 203.25 MHz as reference. The predictions was compared to Hata, COST 231, Egli and ECC-33 considered standard widely used empirical...

Smart city adoption and deployment has taken the centre stage worldwide with its realisation clearly hinged on energy efficiency, but planning is threatened by vulnerability of smart grids (SGs). Adversaries launch attacks various motives, rampaging electricity theft menace causing major concerns to SGs deployments consequently, efficiency. meters via advanced metering infrastructure present promising solutions even greater potential as it provides adequate data for analytical inferences...

Access to quality healthcare is a major problem in Sub-Saharan Africa with doctor-to-patient ratio as high 1:50,000, which far above the recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) 1:600. This has been aggravated lack of access critical infrastructures such health care facilities, roads, electricity, and many other factors. Even if these are provided, number medical practitioners cater for growing population countries not sufficient. In this article, how information communication...

Energy fuels the growth and development of any country, as such effective monitoring, measurement, billing access control is imperative. This paper presents a device that uses evolving Internet Things (IoT) technology in design implementation an based prepaid energy meter often referred to smart meters. The measurement system automated. employs ATMega328p ESP8266 operate dual core microprocessor unit with one dedicated sensing measurements, while other handles network connectivity, storage,...

For decades now, a lot of radio wave path loss propagation models have been developed for predictions across different environmental terrains. Amongst these models, empirical are practically the most popular due to their ease application. However, prediction accuracies not as high required. Therefore, extensive measurement data needed develop novel measurement-oriented with suitable correction factors varied frequency, capturing both local terrain and clutter information, this found be...

Path loss models are essential in the planning of wireless networks. However, peculiar ambient characteristics geographical locations necessitate a wide range these to take into consideration different terrain dielectric, scattering irregularities, and clutter. This study investigates effects clutter on frequency‐dependent path very high frequency (VHF) ultra (UHF) bands using multi‐transmitter scenarios. Seven transmitters 15 measurement routes were covered an Agilent N9342C spectrum...

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a well studied technique, which can obtain efficiently near-optimal solution with much lower computational complexity compared to the maximum likelihood detection (MLD) approach. In overloaded MIMO systems, since number of near equal-power co-channel interferers higher than receive antennas, interference cannot be completely removed by spatial filtering. this paper, we propose new GA based approach for whereby proportional scaling and Gaussian mutation employed...

In this Letter, the authors propose a technique that allows secondary user (SU) to reuse spectrum allocated TV broadcast system. The approach is based on protection view point and an SU allowed transmit outside noise limited contour (grade B contour) with additional margin. An algorithm was developed predicts grade makes decision availability of spectrum. keep-out distance obtained using existing path loss models model field strength measurements conducted in very high frequency (VHF) ultra...

Path loss propagation is a vital concern when designing and planning networks in mobile communication systems. Propagation models such as the empirical, deterministic theoretical models, which possess complex, inconsistent, time-consuming non-adaptable features, have proven to be inefficient of wireless systems, thereby resulting need for more reliable model. Artificial Intelligence methods seem overcome drawbacks predicting path loss. In this paper, ANFIS approach prediction GSM WCDMA bands...

Access to quality healthcare is a major problem in Sub-Saharan Africa with doctor-to-patient ratio as high 1:50,000 which far above the recommended of World Health Organization (WHO). This has been aggravated by lack access critical infrastructures such health care facilities, roads, electricity and many others. Even if these are provided, number medical practitioners cater for growing population countries not sufficient. However, impacts telemedicine have shown some positive effects...

This paper has presented a comprehensive review in the area of microgrid from design to implementation. The aim is evaluate current status, problems and research efforts toward realising functional microgrids power system. expectations about are many; therefore study divided into three main sections. Recent advancements wind energy, solar energy their future prediction summarised. States arts optimum renewable also investigated. In addition, critical literature reliability analysis...

In this work, signal path loss prediction from nine different empirical models were statistically compared with those measured four television transmitters along five routes that span through urban and rural environments of Osun State, Nigeria. respect, results obtained show both Hata Davidson provide best fit consistently the measurement 90% to 98% accuracy, Ilorin, CCIR, Cost 231, Ericsson 9999 ECC-33 accuracy within range 65% 80% while SUI Okumura offer 15% 21%. Generally have better in...

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) which are one of the main tools used in machine learning have often been utilised developing models for path loss modelling recent times. However, ANN algorithm that provides best results has not well established neither characterized to limit their performances and applications various frequency bands. In this paper, we characterize propagation Very High Frequency Band (VHF, 30-300MHz) by using different algorithms activation functions based on measurement...

Over the years, overdependence on Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) for data transmission necessitated need an alternate and more reliable means of communication, hence, Light (Li-Fi). It involves use Emitting Diode to transmit by blinking (i.e. switching them On Off) at a speed not noticeable eye. This paper proposed development Li-Fi system using off shelf electronic components. The utilizes embedded with dual-core Advanced Virtual RISC (AVR) microcontroller (ATmega16L) interfaced input/output...

This research is focused on evaluating the amount of television white space (TVWS) in UHF band Nigeria. The work takes a new perspective called Geo-spatial approach quantifying available TVWS. Spectrum sharing model was developed from protection viewpoint where secondary users (SUs) are only allowed to reuse spectrum outside keep-out distance broadcast transmission grade B contour primary users. spatial data used include administrative map Nigeria showing states' boundary delineation and...

Explosion in the demand for mobile applications and services necessitates efficient utilization of limited radio spectrum. Determination a suitable detection threshold is an important aspect spectrum occupancy measurement. Inappropriate choice value may either increase probability false alarm or failure detection. However, most appropriate not yet clearly stated, though, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has provided benchmark 10 dB above noise level as acceptable value. In this...

Empirical path loss propagation models are widely used for coverage planning and interference analysis of wireless networks. The efficacy these depend on the local ambient features environments, thus, making them susceptible to high prediction errors when applied in different set environments. In this paper, we developed a Kriging model Very High Frequency (VHF) band using geo-statistical approach. Electromagnetic field strength measurements were conducted VHF (i.e. 203.25 MHz) Ilorin...

In this work, the performance of eight prominent empirical path loss models and a localized model, in predicting losses build up areas is investigated. Multi-transmitter electromagnetic field strength measurements were conducted, using dedicated Agilent spectrum analyzer, along five predefined routes Osun State, Nigeria. The measured data compared with model predictions. Path profile terrain undulations effects have been observed on received signal. For all transmitters, Okumura, SUI over...

We propose a genetic algorithm (GA) based equalization approach for direct sequence ultra-wideband (DS-UWB) wireless communications, where GA is combined with RAKE receiver to combat the inter-symbol interference (ISI) due frequency selective nature of UWB channels high data rate transmission. Simulation results show that proposed structure significantly outperforms receiver. It also provides close bit error (BER) performance optimal maximum likelihood detection (MLD) approach, while...

The introduction of new kinds technological products, applications and services that rely on wireless communications has resulted into an upsurge inglobal mobile data traffic. There is, therefore, a need to investigate the efficient utilization limited available radio spectrum. In this paper, we examine spatial variation spectrum occupancy (i.e. duty cycle) in GSM 900 MHz band within Kwara State, Nigeria. Experimental results show there is very high variance cycle from one location other...